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The Cultural Landscapes of Port au Choix pp 91–116Cite as

Mobility, Curation, and Exchange as Factors in the Distribution of the Phillip’s Garden West Groswater Toolkit

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Abstract

The Groswater Palaeoeskimo site of Phillip’s Garden West (EeBi-11) is situated on the Point Riche Peninsula, on the west coast of Newfoundland’s Northern Peninsula (Fig. 5.1). Located on an approximately 500 m2 terrace, 13 m above sea level (asl), the site was found in 1982 by Fitzhugh (1983) and excavated between 1990 and 1992 by Renouf (1991, 1992, 1993a, 1994). Although the lithic assemblage from the site is Groswater in affiliation, several of the artefact types are demonstrably different from Groswater toolkits reported elsewhere in Newfoundland, Labrador, and Quebec (Renouf 1994, 2005; Ryan 1997). These distinctive and atypical artefacts pose a number of culture-historical questions relating to the end of the Groswater period in Newfoundland (identified in this chapter as the Phillip’s Garden West phase), while the geographic distribution of this toolkit hints at possible inter- and intra-cultural relations between late Groswater Phillip’s Garden West phase populations and people of other cultural groups who migrated to the island of Newfoundland.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Unless otherwise indicated, all dates are calibrated to 1σ using Calib5.0 (Stuiver and Reimer 1993). See Appendix for further details of dates.

  2. 2.

     since this paper was written another unmixed Groswater site, Salmon Net (EfAx-25), was excavated on the east coast of the Northern Peninsula by Melnik (2007) (Fig. 5.1).

  3. 3.

    material from the Salmon Net site (Fig. 5.1) is similar to, but not exactly the same as, Phillip’s Garden West-type material (Melnik 2007). Similar material comprised the Groswater component of the Recent Indian St. Pauls Bay-2 site (DlBk-6) at St. Pauls Inlet (Fig. 5.1) (Lavers and Renouf 2009).

  4. 4.

     since this paper was written Lavers (2006) studied the Groswater artefacts found in the complete Phillip’s Garden artefact assemblage of >35,000 tools. Almost all of the 280 Groswater artefacts from the assemblage are Phillip’s Garden West-type. Endblades comprised 121 (42%) of that total (Lavers 2006:14).

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Acknowledgements

This paper is based on the results of research carried out as part of my Honour’s paper and was presented in the session “Archaeology at Port au Choix, Northwestern Newfoundland” at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Archaeological Association in Hamilton. I am indebted to a number of people for making the original research, and this paper, possible. Kevin McAleese, Curator of Archaeology and Ethnology at the Newfoundland Museum (now The Rooms Provincial Museum), gave me free rein to explore the provincial collections, helped me dig the Frenchman’s Island collection out of the artefact purgatory that is storage, and allowed me to borrow some of the Phillip’s Garden West material housed at the Museum for study and photos. In the Collections Room, Delphina Mercer and Katherine Scott were patient and helpful souls who let me go through the newly-returned Phillip’s Garden material in 1996 before and during its re-cataloguing with nary a word of complaint. Elaine Anton and Lori Balson graciously permitted me to borrow artefacts in 2003 when the Museum was ostensibly researcher-free. Priscilla Renouf suggested the whole project in the first place, answered my numerous questions about the Phillip’s Garden West site, allowed me uncounted hours with the site assemblage, gave me permission to photograph artefacts from Phillip’s Garden West, and assisted with the production of some figures. My appreciation goes to Charles Conway, Memorial University Geography Department, who drafted the maps for Figs. 5.1 and 5.8 and annotated Fig. 5.4. David Keenlyside, formerly of the Canadian Museum of Civilization, kindly allowed me access to the Newfoundland and Labrador materials housed there. Thanks to Priscilla and Patty Wells for organising the 2003 CAA session. I am grateful for the comments of Matthew Betts, two anonymous reviewers, as well as the editor, on an earlier version of this text. Photographs are from The Port au Choix Archaeology Project.

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  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 2S2

    Karen Ryan

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  1. Archaeology Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, A1C 5S7, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

    M. A. P. Renouf

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Ryan, K. (2011). Mobility, Curation, and Exchange as Factors in the Distribution of the Phillip’s Garden West Groswater Toolkit. In: Renouf, M. (eds) The Cultural Landscapes of Port au Choix. Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8324-4_5

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