Abstract
By the early 1960s the Solar Group within the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation’s Division of Radiophysics had established an international reputation for solar research, largely through the achievements of Paul Wild and his collaborators at the Division’s Dapto field station south of Sydney. This paper describes the innovative instruments found at this field station, the ways in which they were used to unravel many of the mysteries surrounding different types of radio bursts from the Sun, and some of the reasons for the success of the Dapto team.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
All three authors of this paper were very familiar with the developments that occurred at Dapto during the life of this field station. Stewart and Orchiston were members of the CSIRO’s Division of Radiophysics Solar Group from 1965 to 1988 and 1962 to 1968, respectively, and worked on Dapto projects. Slee joined the Division of Radiophysics in 1946 and subsequently transferred to the Australia Telescope National Facility and later the Division of Astronomy and Space Sciences when these groups were formed in 1988 and 2009, respectively. Today he continues to conduct research as an Honorary Fellow of the latter group. Whilst never a member of the Solar Group, he maintained an interest in the work of this group and published a number of papers on the nature of the outer corona.
References
Boischot, A., 1958. Étude du rayonnement radioélectrique solaire sur 169 MHz à l′aide d′un grand interféromètre à réseau. Annales d′Astrophysique, 21, 273–345.
Boischot, A., 1959. Les emissions de Type IV. In Bracewell, R.N. (ed.). Paris Symposium on Radio Astronomy. Stanford, Stanford Univ. Press. Pp. 186–187.
Bolton, J.G., Slee, O.B., and Stanley, G.J., 1953. Galactic radiation at radio frequencies. VI. Low altitude scintillations of the discrete sources. Australian Journal of Physics, 6, 434–451.
Boorman, Judith. A., McLean, D.J., Sheridan, K.V., and Wild, J.P., 1961. The spectral components of 150 major solar radio events (1952–1960). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 123, 87–96.
Christiansen, W.N., 1950. Minutes of the Radiophysics Radio Astronomy Committee meeting of 27 July. National Archives of Australia, 972807 Series: C3830-B2/2 Part 2.
Ginzburg, V.L., and Zheleznyakov, V.V., 1958. On the possible mechanism of sporadic solar radio emission (Radiation in an isotropic plasma). Astronomicheskii. Zhurnal, 35. 694–712. English translation: Soviet Astronomy A.J., 2, 653–668.
Giovanelli, R.G., and Roberts, J.A., 1958. Optical observations of the solar disturbances causing Type II radio bursts. Australian Journal of Physics, 11, 353–359. [?]
Haddock, F.T. 1958. Introduction to solar radio astronomy. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 46, 3–12.
Jaeger, J.C., and Westfold, K.V., 1950. Equivalent path and absorption for electromagnetic radiation in the solar corona. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, A3, 376–386.
Kellermann, K.I., Orchiston, W., and Slee, B., 2005. Gordon James Stanley and the early development of radio astronomy in Australia and the United States. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, 22, 13–23.
Komesaroff, M., 1958. Polarization measurements of the three spectral types of solar radio bursts. Australian Journal of Physics, 11, 201–214.
Loughhead, R.E., Roberts, J.A., and McCabe, M.K., 1957. The association of solar radio bursts of spectral type III with chromospheric flares. Australian Journal of Physics, 10, 483–490.
McCready, L., 1947. Letter to J. Pawsey, dated December. National Archives of Australia, Villawood, Sydney: 122735507 Series:C4659/1 File:45.1[8]).
McCready, L., 1948a. Undated letter to J. Pawsey (but early 1948). National Archives of Australia, Villawood, Sydney: 122735507 Series:C4659/1 File:45.1[8]).
McCready, L., 1948b. Letter to J. Pawsey, dated 6 June. National Archives of Australia, Villawood, Sydney: 122735507 Series:C4659/1 File:45.1[8]).
McLean, D.J., 1959. Solar radio emission of spectral type IV and its association with geomagnetic storms. Australian Journal of Physics, 12, 404–417.
Maxwell, A., Swarup, G., and Thompson, A.R., 1958. The radio spectrum of solar activity. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, N.Y., 46, 142–148.
Mills, B.Y., and Thomas, A.B., 1951. Observations of the source of radio-frequency radiation in the constellation of Cygnus. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, A4, 158–171.
Neylan, A.A., 1959. An association between solar radio bursts at metre and centimetre wavelengths. Australian Journal of Physics, 12, 399–403.
Orchiston, W., and Mathewson, D., 2009. Chris Christiansen and the Chris Cross. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 12, 11–32.
Orchiston, W., and Slee, B., 2005. The Radiophysics field stations and the early development of radio astronomy. In Orchiston, W. (ed.). The New Astronomy: Opening the Electromagnetic Window and Expanding our View of Planet Earth. Dordrecht, Springer. Pp. 119–168.
Orchiston, W., Nakamura, T., and Strom, R. (eds.), 2011. Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the Asia-Pacific Region. New York, Springer.
Payne-Scott, R., 1949. Bursts of solar radiation at metre wavelengths. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, A2, 214–227.
Payne-Scott, R., and Little, A.G., 1952. The position and movement on the solar disk of sources of radiation at frequency of 97 Mc/s. III. Outbursts. Australia Journal of Scientific Research, 5, 32–46.
Radar experimental station at Dapto West. Wollongong Times, 11 June 1951.
Rao, U.V.G., 1965. The polarization structure of Type III solar radio bursts. Australian Journal of Physics, 18, 283–286.
Roberts, J.A., 1958. Evidence of echoes in the solar corona from a new type of radio burst. Australian Journal of Physics, 11, 215–234.
Roberts, J.A., 1959a. Solar radio bursts of spectral Type II. Australian Journal of Physics, 12, 327–356.
Roberts, J.A., 1959b. Some aspects of Type II bursts. In Bracewell, R.N. (ed.). Paris Symposium on Radio Astronomy. Stanford, Stanford University Press. Pp. 194–200.
Robinson, B., 2002. Recollections of the URSI Tenth General Assembly, Sydney, Australia, 1952. Radio Science Bulletin, 300, 22–30.
Schwinger, J., 1952. On the classical radiation of accelerated electrons. Physical Review, 75, 1912–1925.
Sheridan, K.V., 1963. Techniques for the investigation of solar radio bursts at metre wavelengths. Proceedings of the Institution of Radio Engineers Australia, 24, 174–184.
Sheridan, K.V., 1967. The Culgoora Radiospectrograph. Proceedings of Astronomical Society of Australia, 2, 58–59.
Sheridan, K.V., and Attwood, C.F., 1962. The extension of solar radio spectroscopy to the long wavelength limit imposed by the ionosphere. The Observatory, 82, 155–158.
Sheridan, K.V., and Trent, G.H., 1961. Spectral observations of two major solar outbursts in the frequency range 15 to 210 Mc/s. The Observatory, 81, 71–73.
Sheridan, K.V., Trent, G.H., and Wild, J.P., 1959. The extension of solar radio spectroscopy to decameter wavelengths. The Observatory, 79, 51–53.
Smerd, S.F., Wild, J.P., and Sheridan, K.V., 1962. On the relative position and origin of harmonics in the spectra of solar radio bursts of spectral Types II and III. Australian Journal of Physics, 15, 180–193; 449.
Stanley, G.J., 1994. Recollections of John G. Bolton at Dover Heights and Caltech. Australian Journal of Physics, 47, 507–516.
Stewart, R.T., 1965. The speed and acceleration of the sources of Type III and Type IV solar radio bursts over large distances in the corona. Australian Journal of Physics, 18, 67–76.
Stewart, R.T., 1966. The polarization of “herring-bone” features in solar radio bursts of spectral Type II. Australian Journal of Physics, 19, 209–213.
Stewart, R.T., 2009. The Contribution of the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics Penrith and Dapto Field Stations to International Solar Radio Astronomy. Ph.D. Thesis, Centre for Astronomy, James Cook University.
Stewart, R., Orchiston, W., and Slee, B., 2011. The Sun has set on a brilliant mind: Paul Wild (1923–2008). In Orchiston, Nakamura and Strom, 527–541.
Stewart, R., Wendt, H., Orchiston, W., and Slee, B., 2010. The Radiophysics field station at Penrith, New South Wales, and the world’s first solar radiospectrograph. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 13, 2–15.
Sullivan, W.T., 2005. The beginnings of Australian radio astronomy. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 8, 11–32.
Suzuki, S., Attwood, C.F., and Sheridan, K.V. 1963. Dynamic spectra of solar radio bursts in the continuous frequency range 5–2,000 MHz. The Observatory. 84, 55–56.
Uchida, Y., 1960. On the exciters of Type II and Type III solar radio bursts. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 12, 376–397.
Weiss, A.A., 1963a. The positions and movements of the sources of solar radio bursts of spectral Type II. Australian Journal of Physics, 16, 240–271.
Weiss, A.A., 1963b. The Type IV solar radio burst at metre wavelengths. Australian Journal of Physics, 16, 526–544.
Weiss, A.A., and Stewart, R.T., 1965. Solar radio bursts of spectral Type V. Australian Journal of Physics, 18, 143–165.
Wendt, H., Orchiston, W., and Slee, B., 2009. W.N. Christiansen and the development of the solar grating array. Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage, 11, 173–184.
Wendt, H., Orchiston, W., and Slee, B., 2011. An overview of W.N. Christiansen’s contribution to Australian radio astronomy, 1948–1960. In Orchiston, Nakamura, and Strom, 547–587.
Wild, J.P., 1950a. Observations of the spectrum of high-intensity solar radiation at metre wavelengths. II. Outbursts. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, A3, 399–408.
Wild, J.P., 1950b. Observations of the spectrum of high-intensity solar radiation at metre wavelengths. III. Isolated bursts. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, A3, 541–557.
Wild, J.P., 1953. Investigation of Cygnus fluctuations at Dapto. Report dated 17 April. National Archives of Australia, 972807 Series: C3830-B2/2 Part 2.
Wild, J.P., 1964. Radio observations of solar flares. In Hess, W.N. (ed.). AAS-NASA Symposium on the Physics of Solar Flares. Washington, NASA (NASA Publ. SP-50). Pp. 161–177.
Wild, J.P., and McCready, L.L., 1950. Observations of the spectrum of high-intensity solar radiation at metre wavelengths. Part 1. The apparatus and spectral types of solar bursts observed. Australia Journal of Scientific Research, 3, 387–398.
Wild, J.P., and Roberts, J.A., 1956a. The spectrum of radio-star scintillations and the nature of irregularities in the ionosphere. Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 8, 55–75.
Wild, J.P., and Roberts, J.A., 1956b. Regions of the ionosphere responsible for radio star scintillations. Nature, 178, 377–378.
Wild, J.P., and Sheridan, K.V., 1958. A swept-frequency interferometer for the study of high-intensity solar radiation at meter wavelengths. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 46, 160–171.
Wild, J.P., Murray, J.D., and Rowe, R.D., 1954. Harmonics in the spectra of solar radio disturbances. Australian Journal of Physics, 7, 439–459.
Wild, J.P., Roberts, J.A., and Murray, J.D., 1954. Radio evidence of the ejection of very fast particles from the Sun. Nature, 173, 532–534.
Wild, J.P., Sheridan, K.V., and Neylan, A.A., 1959. An investigation of the speed of the solar disturbances responsible for Type III radio bursts. Australian Journal of Physics, 12, 369–396.
Wild, J.P., Sheridan, K.V., and Trent, G.H., 1959. The transverse motions of the sources of solar radio bursts. In Bracewell, R. (ed.). Paris Symposium on Radio Astronomy. Stanford University Press. Pp. 176–185.
Wild, J.P., Smerd, S.F., and Weiss, A.A., 1963. Solar bursts. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1, 291–366.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science Division for supplying images from the ATNF Historic Photographic Archive.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this paper
Cite this paper
Stewart, R., Orchiston, W., Slee, B. (2011). The Contribution of the Division of Radiophysics Dapto Field Station to Solar Radio Astronomy, 1952–1964. In: Orchiston, W., Nakamura, T., Strom, R. (eds) Highlighting the History of Astronomy in the Asia-Pacific Region. Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8161-5_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8161-5_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-8160-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8161-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)