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Developmental Issues and Milestones

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Book cover International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

Abstract

Autism has been described as a lifelong disorder that emerges in the first year or two of life (Kanner, 1943). Whereas Kanner’s longitudinal assessment of his original cohort (Kanner & Eisenberg, 1956) and the few follow-up studies that have been conducted through to adulthood suggest a generally stable diagnosis, recent literature challenges the notion that autism is definitively stable in all individuals diagnosed earlier in life. Prior studies indicate that most individuals diagnosed with autism continue to exhibit symptoms, whether profound or residual, through developmental stages; however, specific information about patterns of symptom change continues to be limited. In part, this is because research focused on examining symptomatology over the life course is inherently impeded by changes in diagnostic methodology, limitations of currently available assessment technology (particularly for older individuals), and other factors that may influence our ability to measure changes in the presentation of autism symptoms over time. This chapter explores the extant literature on symptom presentation across various developmental stages, ranging from onset during infancy, patterns of onset that include developmental regression, preschool through school-age years, and the adolescent/adulthood period. The chapter will focus on autistic disorder, but will consider the fuller spectrum that includes pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger syndrome (AS), particularly in the discussion of diagnostic stability. The term autism spectrum disorders (ASD) will be used when collectively referencing this group of disorders.

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Acknowledgments

The views expressed in this chapter do not necessarily represent the views of the NIMH, NIH, HHS, or the United States Government. This chapter was written as part of the first author’s official duties as a Federal Government employee. Therefore, it cannot be copyrighted. Government materials are in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission, even when they appear as part of a publication bearing a general copyright notice. (Reference: U.S. Copyright Law, Title 17 of the U.S. Code, Section 105: “Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government prepared by an officer or employee of the United States Government as part of a person’s official duties.”)

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  1. Pediatrics and Development Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1255, USA

    Audrey Thurm & Stacy Shumway

  2. Kelly O’Leary Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA

    Somer Bishop

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  1. Audrey Thurm
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Correspondence to Audrey Thurm .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, Louisiana, USA

    Johnny L. Matson

  2. City University of New York, Department of Psychology, Queens College, Flushing, 11367, New York, USA

    Peter Sturmey

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Thurm, A., Bishop, S., Shumway, S. (2011). Developmental Issues and Milestones. In: Matson, J., Sturmey, P. (eds) International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8065-6_10

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