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Invertebrate Immunity pp 122–136Cite as

Immunocompetent Molecules and Their Response Network in Horseshoe Crabs

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 708))

Abstract

Horseshoe crab hemocyte selectively responds to bacterial lipopolysaccharides(LPS), which depends critically on the proteolytic activity of the LPS-responsive serine protease zymogen factor C. In response to stimulation by LPS, the hemocyte secretes several kinds of immunocompetent proteins. The coagulation cascade triggered by LPS or β-1,3-D-glucans (BDG) results in the formation of coagulin fibrils that are subsequently stabilized by transglutaminase (TGase)-dependent cross-linking. Invading pathogens are recognized and agglutinated by lectins and then killed by antimicrobial peptides. Moreover, LPS-triggered hemocyte exocytosis is enhanced by a feedback mechanism in which the antimicrobial peptides serve as endogenous mediators. Factor C also acts as an LPS-sensitive complement C3 convertase. In addition, a sub-cuticular epidermis-derived protein forms a TGase-stabilized mesh at sites of injury. Horseshoe crabs have a sophisticated innate immune response network that coordinately effects pathogen recognition and killing, prophenoloxidase activation, complement activation and TGase-dependent wound healing.

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  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Shun-ichiro Kawabata

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  1. Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

    Kenneth Söderhäll

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Kawabata, Si. (2010). Immunocompetent Molecules and Their Response Network in Horseshoe Crabs. In: Söderhäll, K. (eds) Invertebrate Immunity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 708. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8059-5_7

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