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The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates-3 pp 669–678Cite as

Human KDN (Deaminated Neuraminic Acid) and Its Elevated Expression in Cancer Cells: Mechanism and Significance

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Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 705))

Abstract

Sialic acids are a family of nine-carbon carboxylated sugars having a nonulosonate skeletal structure (Fig. 35.1). This structure is uniquely different from that of other sugar units of animal glycans. The most popular sialic acid is N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), which is universally found on cell surface glycocalyx and in secreted glycoproteins of vertebrates and some invertebrates. Sialic acids have low acid–base dissociation constants and give a negative charge on the cell surface under a wide range of physiological pH. In nature, more than 50 kinds of sialic acids are known. Nearly all of them are derived from Neu5Ac by a substitution on the hydroxyl groups (e.g., O-acetyl-Neu5Ac) and/or a hydroxylation of the N-acetyl group (e.g., N-glycolylneuraminic acid, Neu5Gc). Each modified sialic acid has properties different from those of Neu5Ac and is believed to contribute to specific physiological functions. In animal cells, sialic acids are most frequently the terminal sugars of cell surface glycolipids and glycoproteins, and any change that occurs on sialic acids can considerably influence the biological properties of a cell.

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Acknowledgments

KDN was first discovered in Tokyo in 1986, and early studies on KDN (1986–1996) were carried out by Sadako Inoue at Showa University in collaboration with the late Professor Yasuo Inoue at the University of Tokyo. Studies on human KDN were initiated in Academia Sinica, Taiwan, as a collaborative work between Yasuo Inoue and Sadako Inoue. The studies reported by Angata et al., Nakata et al., and Go et al. (1999–2007) were performed at Nagoya University under the supervision of Ken Kitajima. The authors thank all colleagues and collaborators who joined us and helped with these studies. Finally, the authors thank Professor Albert Wu for giving us a chance to publish this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan

    Sadako Inoue

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  1. Sadako Inoue
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  2. Ken Kitajima
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  3. Chihiro Sato
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  4. Shinji Go
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Correspondence to Sadako Inoue .

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  1. College of Medicine, Institute of Molecular&Cellular Biology, Chang-Gung University, Kwei-San, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan R.O.C.

    Albert M. Wu

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Inoue, S., Kitajima, K., Sato, C., Go, S. (2011). Human KDN (Deaminated Neuraminic Acid) and Its Elevated Expression in Cancer Cells: Mechanism and Significance. In: Wu, A. (eds) The Molecular Immunology of Complex Carbohydrates-3. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 705. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_35

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