Abstract
Many physiological systems appear to present data that is random or without order. The origins of this disorder are often attributed to variability introduced by the multifactorial determinants of the system. This classical view of physiological randomness has also been widely discussed in quantitative pharmacological systems. However, since the early 1990s it has been revealed that highly variable data from physiological, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic studies, in contrast to errors in measurement, have their origins in nonlinear dynamical systems that can be described by chaos theory (Goldberger 1989, 1996; Goldberger et al. 1990; Tallarida 1990a, b; van Rossum and de Bie 1991; Dokoumetzidis et al. 2001, 2002; Mager and Abernethy 2007).
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© 2011 American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists
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Hickey, A.J., Smyth, H.D.C. (2011). Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics. In: Pharmaco-Complexity. Outlines in Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7856-1_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7856-1_5
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