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Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

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Handbook of Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders

Abstract

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a ­neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of both obsessions and compulsions (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), and is expressed in approximately 2–4% of children (Esser, Schmidt, & Woerner, 1990; Flament et al., 1988; Maggini et al., 2003; Thomsen 1993). On the one hand, obsessions are composed of recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, and/or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted by the individual, with the most common including thoughts of contamination and images of violence (Leonard, Ale, Freeman, Garcia, & Ng, 2005; March & Leonard, 1996; Storch et al., 2009). Compulsions, on the other hand, are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels compelled to perform (Carter & Pollock, 2000; Leonard et al., 2005; March & Leonard, 1996; Riddle et al., 1990), with the most common being excessive washing of the hands and a repetitive checking or touching of objects (Storch et al., 2009). In most cases, obsessions and compulsions are present together, and may relate in a meaningful way (e.g., obsessive thoughts about hygiene paired with compulsive hand-washing); however, neither a dual nor a meaningful presentation of obsessions and compulsions is required for a diagnosis of OCD (Carter & Pollock, 2000; Keeley, Storch, Dhungana, & Geffken, 2007). OCD is diagnosed when at least one obsession or compulsion is present and causes significant interference to the child’s life. In this context, significant interference is defined by the loss of 1 or more hours per day to an obsession or compulsion (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). In general, OCD is chronic and debilitating in its effects: without treatment only 10% of diagnosed children experience a remission; 10% experience a worsening of symptoms (and/or associated impairments) over time; and the other 80% experience a fairly stable, unremitting course (Hollander & Evers, 2004; Keeley et al., 2007).

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  1. Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Omar Rahman

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  1. Omar Rahman
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  2. Jeannette M. Reid
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  3. Amy M. Parks
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  4. Dean McKay
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  5. Eric A. Storch
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Correspondence to Omar Rahman .

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  1. , Department of Psychology, Fordham University, East Fordham Road 441, Bronx, 10458, New York, USA

    Dean McKay

  2. , Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, a, University of South Florida, Tampa, 33612, Florida, USA

    Eric A. Storch

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Rahman, O., Reid, J.M., Parks, A.M., McKay, D., Storch, E.A. (2011). Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. In: McKay, D., Storch, E. (eds) Handbook of Child and Adolescent Anxiety Disorders. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7784-7_22

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