Skip to main content

Pathology of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma and Related Conditions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Lymphoma and Leukemia of the Nervous System

Abstract

Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) is defined as lymphoma confined to the brain, eye, spinal cord, or leptomeninges without evidence of prior or concurrent lymphoma outside of the nervous system. Other types of lymphoma that involve the nervous system include lymphoma of peripheral nerves and nerve roots, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and intravascular lymphoma; these lymphomas, as well as lymphoma of the dura mater are reviewed in the sections that follow.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. van der Valk P (1996) Central nervous system lymphomas. Curr Diagn Pathol 3:45–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Iwamoto FM, DeAngelis LM (2006) An update on primary central nervous system lymphoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 20:1267–1285

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Rubenstein J, Ferreri AJ, Pittaluga S (2008) Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: epidemiology, pathology and current approaches to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Leuk Lymphoma 49(Suppl 1):43–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cady FM, O’Neill BP, Law ME et al (2008) Del(6)(q22) and BCL6 rearrangements in primary CNS lymphoma are indicators of an aggressive clinical course. J Clin Oncol 26:4814–4819

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Nuckols J, Liu K, Burchette J et al (1999) Primary central nervous system lymphomas: a 30-year exprerience at a single institution. Mod Pathol 12:1167–1173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Camilleri-Broet S, Martin A, Moreau A et al (1998) Primary central nervous system lymphomas in 72 immunocompetent patients: pathologic findings and clinical correlations. Am J Clin Pathol 110:607–612

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Eby N, Grufferman S, Flannelly C et al (1988) Increasing incidence of primary brain lymphoma in the US. Cancer 62:2461–2465

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. McAllister LD, Doolittle ND, Guastadisegni PE et al (2000) Congnitive outcomes and long-term follow-up results after enhanced chemotherapy delivery for primary central nervous system lymphoma. Neurosurgery 46:51–61

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Sekita T, Tamaru J, Kaito K et al (2001) Primary central nervous system lymphomas express Vh genes with intermediate to high somatic mutations. Leuk Lymphoma 41:377–385

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Eichler AF, Batchelor TT (2006) Primary central nervous system lymphoma: presentation, diagnosis and staging. Neurosurg Focus 21:E15

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fischer L, Martus P, Weller M et al (2008) Meningeal dissemination in primary CNS lymphoma: prospective evaluation of 282 patients. Neurology 71:1102–1108

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Miller D, Hochberg F, Harris N et al (1994) Pathology with clinical correlations of primary central nervous system non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The Massachusetts General Hospital experience 1958–1989. Cancer 74:1383–1397

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lin CH, Kuo KT, Chuang SS et al (2006) Comparison of the expression and prognostic significance of differentiation markers between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of central nervous system origin and peripheral nodal origin. Clin Cancer Res 12:1152–1156

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Larocca L, Capello D, Rinelli A et al (1998) The molecular and phenotypic profile of primary central nervous system lymphoma identifies distinct categories of the disease and is consistent with histogenetic derivation from germinal center related B cells. Blood 92:1011–1019

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Camilleri-Broet S, Davi F, Feuillard J et al (1997) AIDS-related primary brain lymphomas: histopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 51 cases. The French Study Group for HIV-Associated Tumors. Hum Pathol 28:367–374

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kirk O, Pedersen C, Cozz-Lepri A et al (2001) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Blood 98:3406–3412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Herrlinger U, Schabet M, Brugger W et al (2001) Primary central nervous system lymphoma 1991–1997: outcome and late adverse effects after combined modality treatment. Cancer 91:130–135

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. DeAngelis L (1991) Primary central nervous system lymphoma as a secondary malignancy. Cancer 67:1431–1435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. DeAngelis L (1999) Primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 66:699–701

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Finn WG, Peterson LC, James C, Goolsby CL (1998) Enhanced detection of malignant lymphoma in cerebrospinal fluid by multiparameter flow cytometry. Am J Clin Pathol 110:341–346

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Antinori A, Larocca L, Fassone L et al (1999) HHV-8/KSHV is not associated with AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. Brain Pathol 9:199–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. DeLuca A, Antinori A, Cingolani A et al (1995) Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid EBV-DNA and IL-10 as markers for in vivo diagnosis of AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma. Brit J Haematol 90:844–849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Corcoran C, Rebe K, van der Plas H et al (2008) The predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid Epstein–Barr viral load as a marker of primary central nervous system lymphoma in HIV-infected persons. J Clin Virol 42:433–436

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Kluin P, Deckert M, Ferry J (2008) Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the CNS. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N et al(eds) WHO classification tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 4th edn. IARC Press, Lyon, 240–241

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rivero M, Kuppermann B, Wiley C et al (1999) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related intraocular B-cell lymphoma. Arch Ophthalmol 117:616–622

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Porter AB, Giannini C, Kaufmann T et al (2008) Primary central nervous system lymphoma can be histologically diagnosed after previous corticosteroid use: a pilot study to determine whether corticosteroids prevent the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Ann Neurol 63:662–667

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Castellano-Sanchez AA, Li S, Qian J et al (2004) Primary central nervous system posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders. Am J Clin Pathol 121:246–253

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Commins DL (2006) Pathology of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Neurosurg Focus 21:E2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Rollins KE, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK et al (2005) Lymphomatosis cerebri as a cause of white matter dementia. Hum Pathol 36:282–290

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Grove A, Vyberg M (1993) Primary leptomeningeal T-cell lymphoma: a case and a review of primary T-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system. Clin Neuropathol 12:7–12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Alderson L, Fetell MR, Sisti M et al (1996) Sentinel lesions of primary CNS lymphoma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60:102–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Stein H, Warnke R, Chan W et al (2008) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N et al(eds) WHO classification tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 4th edn. IARC Press, Lyon, 233–237

    Google Scholar 

  33. Capello D, Martini M, Gloghini A et al (2008) Molecular analysis of immunoglobulin variable genes in human immunodeficiency virus-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma reveals implications for disease pathogenesis and histogenesis. Haematologica 93:1178–1185

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Herrlinger U, Schabet M, Clemens M et al (1998) Clinical presentation and therapeutic outcome in 26 patients with primary CNS lymphoma. Acta Neurol Scand 97:257–264

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Thompsett A, Ellison D, Stevenson F, Zhu D (1999) VH gene sequences from primary central nervous system lymphomas indicate derivation from highly mutated germinal center B cells with ongoing mutational activity. Blood 94:1738–1746

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Swerdlow S, Webber S, Chadburn A, Ferry J (2008) Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N et al(eds) WHO classification tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 4th edn. IARC Press, Lyon, 343–349

    Google Scholar 

  37. Cavaliere R, Petroni G, Lopes MB, Schiff D (2010) Primary central nervous system post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder: an International Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Collaborative Group report. Cancer 116(4):863–870

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Bigner SH (1992) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology: current status and diagnostic applications. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 51:235–245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Haldorsen IS, Krakenes J, Goplen AK et al (2008) AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma: a Norwegian national survey 1989–2003. BMC Cancer 8:225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Montesinos-Rongen M, Schmitz R, Courts C et al (2005) Absence of immunoglobulin class switch in primary lymphomas of the central nervous system. Am J Pathol 166:1773–1779

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Levy O, Deangelis LM, Filippa DA et al (2008) Bcl-6 predicts improved prognosis in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Cancer 112:151–156

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Camilleri-Broet S, Criniere E, Broet P et al (2006) A uniform activated B-cell-like immunophenotype might explain the poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphomas: analysis of 83 cases. Blood 107:190–196

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Braaten KM, Betensky RA, de Leval L et al (2003) BCL-6 expression predicts improved survival in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 9:1063–1069

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Sugita Y, Tokunaga O, Nakashima A, Shigemori M (2004) SHP-1 expression in primary central nervous system B-cell lymphomas in immunocompetent patients reflects maturation stage of normal B cell counterparts. Pathol Int 54:659–666

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hans CP, Weisenburger DD, Greiner TC et al (2004) Confirmation of the molecular classification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Blood 103:275–282

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Bhagavathi S, Wilson JD (2008) Primary central nervous system lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 132:1830–1834

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Riemersma SA, Jordanova ES, Schop RF et al (2000) Extensive genetic alterations of the HLA region, including homozygous deletions of HLA class II genes in B-cell lymphomas arising in immune-privileged sites. Blood 96:3569–3577

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Montesinos-Rongen M, Van Roost D, Schaller C et al (2004) Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of the central nervous system are targeted by aberrant somatic hypermutation. Blood 103:1869–1875

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Schwindt H, Akasaka T, Zuhlke-Jenisch R et al (2006) Chromosomal translocations fusing the BCL6 gene to different partner loci are recurrent in primary central nervous system lymphoma and may be associated with aberrant somatic hypermutation or defective class switch recombination. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65:776–782

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. McCann KJ, Ashton-Key M, Smith K et al (2009) Primary central nervous system lymphoma: tumor-related clones exist in the blood and bone marrow with evidence for separate development. Blood 113:4677–4680

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Montesinos-Rongen M, Siebert R, Deckert M (2009) Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: just DLBCL or not? Blood 113:7–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Cassoux N, Merle-Beral H, Leblond V et al (2000) Ocular and central nervous system lymphoma: clinical features and diagnosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 8:243–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Freeman L, Schachat A, Knox D (1987) Clinical features, laboratory investigations, and survival in ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. Ophthalmology 94:1631–1639

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Peterson K, Gordon K, Heinemann M-H, DeAngelis L (1993) The clinical spectrum of ocular lymphoma. Cancer 72:843–849

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Whitcup S, de Smet M, Rubin B et al (1993) Intraocular lymphoma. Clinical and histopathologic diagnosis. Ophthalmology 100:1399–1406

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Ridley M, McDonald H, Sternberg P Jr. et al (1992) Retinal manifestations of ocular lymphoma (reticulum cell sarcoma). Ophthalmology 99:1153–1161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hochberg F, Miller D (1988) Primary central nervous system lymphoma (Review). J Neurosurg 68:835–853

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Stephenson P, Duffey R, Ferguson J Jr. (1989) Intraocular histiocytic lymphoma: a pediatric case presentation. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 26:296–298

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Buggage R, Chan C, Nussenblatt R (2001) Ocular manifestations of central nervous system. Curr Opin Oncol 13:137–142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Grimm SA, McCannel CA, Omuro AM et al (2008) Primary CNS lymphoma with intraocular involvement: International PCNSL Collaborative Group report. Neurology 71:1355–1360

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Maier W, Laubert A, Weinel P (1994) Acute bilateral blindness in childhood caused by rhabdomyosarcoma and malignant lymphoma. J Laryngol Otol 108:873–877

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Baehring JM, Androudi S, Longtine JJ et al (2005) Analysis of clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements in ocular lymphoma. Cancer 104:591–597

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Clark W, Scott I, Murray T et al (1998) Primary intraocular posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. Arch Ophthalmol 116:1667–1669

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Karma A, von Willebrand EO, Tommila PV et al (2007) Primary intraocular lymphoma: improving the diagnostic procedure. Ophthalmology 114:1372–1377

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Merle-Beral H, Davi F, Cassoux N et al (2004) Biological diagnosis of primary intraocular lymphoma. Br J Haematol 124:469–473

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Frenkel S, Hendler K, Siegal T et al (2008) Intravitreal methotrexate for treating vitreoretinal lymphoma: 10 years of experience. Br J Ophthalmol 92:383–388

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Maiuri F (1990) Visual involvement in primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 92:119–124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Dean JM, Novak MA, Chan CC, Green WR (1996) Tumor detachments of the retinal pigment epithelium in ocular/central nervous system lymphoma. Retina 16:47–56

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Chan CC (2003) Molecular pathology of primary intraocular lymphoma. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 101:275–292

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Ziemianski M, Godfrey W, Lee K, Sabates F (1980) Lymphoma of the vitreous associated with renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. Ophthalmology 87:596–601

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Schanzer MC, Font RL, O’Malley RE (1991) Primary ocular malignant lymphoma associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ophthalmology 98:88–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Char D, Ljung B-M, Miller T, Phillips T (1988) Primary intraocular lymphoma (ocular reticulum cell sarcoma) diagnosis and management. Ophthalmology 95:625–630

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Buettner H, Bolling J (1993) Intravitreal large-cell lymphoma. Mayo Clin Proc 68:1011–1015

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Brown S, Jampol L, Cantrill H (1994) Intraocular lymphoma presenting as retinal vasculitis. Surv Ophthalmol 39:133–140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Kohno T, Uchida H, Inomata H et al (1993) Ocular manifestations of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. A clinicopathologic study. Ophthalmology 100:1794–1799

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Coupland SE, Hummel M, Muller HH, Stein H (2005) Molecular analysis of immunoglobulin genes in primary intraocular lymphoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 46:3507–3514

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Gunduz K, Pulido JS, McCannel CA, O’Neill BP (2006) Ocular manifestations and treatment of central nervous system lymphomas. Neurosurg Focus 21:E9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Jahnke K, Korfel A, O’Neill BP et al (2006) International study on low-grade primary central nervous system lymphoma. Ann Neurol 59:755–762

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Jahnke K, Thiel E, Schilling A et al (2005) Low-grade primary central nervous system lymphoma in immunocompetent patients. Br J Haematol 128:616–624

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. George DH, Scheithauer BW, Aker FV et al (2003) Primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the central nervous system: prognostic effect of ALK-1 expression. Am J Surg Pathol 27:487–493

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Merlin E, Chabrier S, Verkarre V et al (2008) Primary leptomeningeal ALK+ lymphoma in a 13-year-old child. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 30:963–967

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Rupani A, Modi C, Desai S, Rege J (2005) Primary anaplastic large cell lymphoma of central nervous system – a case report. J Postgrad Med 51:326–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Paulus W (1999) Classification, pathogenesis and molecular pathology of primary CNS lymphomas. J Neurooncol 43:203–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Shuangshoti S, Assanasen T, Lerdlum S et al (2008) Primary central nervous system plasmablastic lymphoma in AIDS. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 34:245–247

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Stein H, Harris N, Campo E (2008) Plasmablastic lymphoma. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N et al(eds) WHO classification tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 4th edn. IARC Press, Lyon, 256–257

    Google Scholar 

  86. Park I, Huh J, Kim JH et al (2008) Primary central nervous system marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the basal ganglia mimicking low-grade glioma: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 8:305–308

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Omori N, Narai H, Tanaka T et al (2008) Epstein–Barr virus-associated T/NK cell-type central nervous system lymphoma which manifested as a post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder in a renal transplant recipient. J Neurooncol 87:189–191

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Kaluza V, Rao DS, Said JW, de Vos S (2006) Primary extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma of the brain: a case report. Hum Pathol 37:769–772

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Klein R, Mullges W, Bendszus M et al (1999) Primary intracerebral Hodgkin’s disease: report of a case with Epstein–Barr virus association and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 23:477–481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Gerstner ER, Abrey LE, Schiff D et al (2008) CNS Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 112:1658–1661

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Nakamura S, Ponzoni M, Campo E (2008) Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N et al(eds) WHO classification tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. IARC Press, Lyon, 252–253

    Google Scholar 

  92. Pfleger L, Zur TJ (1959) Kenntnis der systemisierten Endotheliomatose der cutanen Blutgefässe (Reticuloendotheliose?). Hautarzt 10:359–363

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Ferreri AJ, Campo E, Seymour JF et al (2004) Intravascular lymphoma: clinical presentation, natural history, management and prognostic factors in a series of 38 cases, with special emphasis on the ‘cutaneous variant’. Br J Haematol 127:173–183

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Roglin J, Boer A (2007) Skin manifestations of intravascular lymphoma mimic inflammatory diseases of the skin. Br J Dermatol 157:16–25

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Ferreri AJ, Dognini GP, Campo E et al (2007) Variations in clinical presentation, frequency of hemophagocytosis and clinical behavior of intravascular lymphoma diagnosed in different geographical regions. Haematologica 92:486–492

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Murase T, Nakamura S, Kawauchi K et al (2000) An Asian variant of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma: clinical, pathological and cytogenetic approaches to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with haemophagocytic syndrome. Br J Haematol 111:826–834

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. DiGiuseppe JA, Nelson WG, Seifter EJ et al (1994) Intravascular lymphomatosis: a clinicopathologic study of 10 cases and assessment of response to chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 12:2573–2579

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Ferry JA, Harris NL, Picker LJ et al (1988) Intravascular lymphomatosis (malignant angioendotheliomatosis). A B-cell neoplasm expressing surface homing receptors. Mod Pathol 1:444–452

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Zuckerman D, Seliem R, Hochberg E (2006) Intravascular lymphoma: the oncologist’s ‘great imitator’. Oncologist 11:496–502

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Ponzoni M, Arrigoni G, Gould VE et al (2000) Lack of CD 29 (beta1 integrin) and CD 54 (ICAM-1) adhesion molecules in intravascular lymphomatosis. Hum Pathol 31:220–226

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Kutzner H, Jaffe E (2006) Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. In: LeBoit P, Burg G, Weedon D, Sarasin A, (eds) Pathology and genetics: skin tumours. IARC Press, Lyon, 200–201

    Google Scholar 

  102. Gatter K, Warnke R (2001) Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma. In: Jaffe E, Harris N, Stein H, Vardiman J, (eds) Pathology and genetics of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. IARC Press, Lyon, 177–178

    Google Scholar 

  103. Pittaluga S, Wilson W, Jaffe E (2008) Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. In: Swerdlow S, Campo E, Harris N et al(eds) WHO classification tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 4th edn. IARC Press, Lyon, 247–249

    Google Scholar 

  104. Choi JS, Nam DH, Ko YH et al (2003) Primary central nervous system lymphoma in Korea: comparison of B- and T-cell lymphomas. Am J Surg Pathol 27:919–928

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Villegas E, Villa S, Lopez-Guillermo A et al (1997) Primary central nervous system lymphoma of T-cell origin: description of two cases and review of the literature. J Neurooncol 34:157–161

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Shenkier TN, Voss N, Chhanabhai M et al (2005) The treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma in 122 immunocompetent patients: a population-based study of successively treated cohorts from the British Colombia Cancer Agency. Cancer 103:1008–1017

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Misdraji J, Ino Y, Louis D et al (2000) Primary lymphoma of peripheral nerve. Am J Surg Pathol 24:1257–1265

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Quinones-Hinojosa A, Friedlander R, Boyer P et al (2000) Solitary sciatic nerve lymphoma as an initial manifestation of diffuse neurolymphomatosis. J Neurosurg 92:165–169

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Abad S, Zagdanski A, Sabine B et al (1999) Neurolymphomatosis in Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinaemia. Br J Haematol 106:100–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Diaz-Arrastia R, Younger D, Hair L et al (1992) Neurolymphomatosis: a clinicopathologic syndrome re-emerges. Neurology 42:1136–1141

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Baehring JM, Damek D, Martin EC et al (2003) Neurolymphomatosis. Neurooncol 5:104–115

    Google Scholar 

  112. Descamps MJ, Barrett L, Groves M et al (2006) Primary sciatic nerve lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77:1087–1089

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Ghobrial IM, Buadi F, Spinner RJ et al (2004) High-dose intravenous methotrexate followed by autologous stem cell transplantation as a potentially effective therapy for neurolymphomatosis. Cancer 100:2403–2407

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Yamada SM, Ikawa N, Toyonaga S et al (2006) Primary malignant B-cell-type dural lymphoma: case report. Surg Neurol 66:539–543; discussion 43

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Iwamoto FM, DeAngelis LM, Abrey LE (2006) Primary dural lymphomas: a clinicopathologic study of treatment and outcome in eight patients. Neurology 66:1763–1765

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Kumar S, Kumar D, Kaldjian E et al (1997) Primary low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the dura: a mucosa associated lymphoid tissue-type lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 21:81–87

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Lehman N, Horoupian D, Warnke R et al (2002) Dural marginal zone lymphoma with massive amyloid deposition: rare low-grade primary central nervous system B-cell lymphoma. J Neurosurg 96:368–372

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Altundag M, Ozisik Y, Yalcin S et al (2000) Primary low grade B-cell lymphoma of the dura in an immunocompetent patient. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 19:249–251

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Freudenstein D, Bornemann A, Ernemann U et al (2000) Intracranial malignant B-cell lymphoma of the dura. Clin Neuropathol 19:34–37

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Kambham N, Chang Y, Matsushima A (1998) Primary low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoma tissue (MALT) arising in dura. Clin Neuropathol 17:311–317

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Miranda R, Glantz L, Myint M et al (1996) Stage IE non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma involving the dura: A clinicopathologic study of five cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 120:254–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Bhagavathi S, Greiner T, Kazmi S et al (2008) Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the dura mater with IgH/MALT1 translocation and review of the literature. J Hematopathol 1:131–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Judith A. Ferry .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ferry, J.A., Pfannl, R., Harris, N.L. (2012). Pathology of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma and Related Conditions. In: Batchelor, T., DeAngelis, L. (eds) Lymphoma and Leukemia of the Nervous System. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7668-0_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics