Abstract
The treatment of hematologic malignancies has markedly improved in recent decades. Patients are living longer, thus increasing the likelihood of long-term neurologic complications from chemotherapy. These neurologic sequelae are an important source of morbidity and may play a role in limiting potential therapies. The balance between efficacy and toxicity has become a major focus in recent clinical trials. This chapter reviews the most common neurologic complications of chemotherapy in leukemia and lymphoma patients.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Onciu M (2009) Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 23:655–674
Shipley JL, Butera JN (2009) Acute myelogenous leukemia. Exp Hematol 37:649–658
Morris PG, Abrey LE (2009) Therapeutic challenges in primary CNS lymphoma. Lancet Neurol 8:581–592
Hsi ED (2009) The leukemias of mature lymphocytes. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 23:843–871
Milojkovic D, Apperley J (2008) State-of-the-art in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia. Curr Opin Oncol 20:112–121
Evens AM, Hutchings M, Diehl V (2008) Treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma: the past, present, and future. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 5:543–556
Sweetenham JW (2008) Highly aggressive lymphomas in adults. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 22:965–978, ix
Thomas X, Le QH (2008) Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology 13:293–302
Liesveld JL, Lichtman MA (2006) Acute myelogenous leukemia. In: Lichtman MA, Beutler E, Kipps TJ, Seligsohn U, Kaushansky K, Prchal JT (eds) Williams hematology, 7th edn. McGraw-Hill Medical, New York, NY, pp 1183–1236
Pfeifer H, Wassmann BJ, Hofmann WK (2003) Risk and prognosis of central nervous system leukemia in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemias treated with imatinib mesylate. Clin Cancer Res 9:4674–4681
Rytting ME, Wierda WG (2004) Central nervous system relapse in two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in myeloid blastic phase on imatinib mesylate therapy. Leuk Lymphoma 45:1623–1626
Chiorazzi N, Rai KR, Ferrarini M (2005) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 352:804–815
Denier C, Tertian G, Ribrag V et al (2009) Multifocal deficits due to leukemic meningoradiculitis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Neurol Sci 277:130–132
Batchelor T, Loeffler JS (2006) Primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 24:1281–1288
Batchelor T, Carson K, O’Neil A et al (2003) Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate and deferred radiotherapy: a report of NABTT 96-07. J Clin Oncol 21(6):1044–1049
Ferreri AJ, Crochhiolo R, Assanelli A et al (2008) High-dose chemotherapy supported by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: facts and opinions. Leuk Lymphoma 49:2042–2047
McAllister LD, Doolittle ND, Guastadisegni PE et al (2000) Cognitive outcomes and long-term follow-up results after enhanced chemotherapy delivery for primary central nervous system lymphoma. Neurosurgery 46:51–60; discussion 60–1
Shah GD, Yahalom J, Correa DD et al (2007) Combined immunochemotherapy with reduced whole-brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 25:4730–4735
Glantz MJ, Cole BF, Recht L et al (1998) High-dose intravenous methotrexate for patients with nonleukemic leptomeningeal cancer: is intrathecal chemotherapy necessary? J Clin Oncol 16:1561–1567
Tetef ML, Margolin KA, Doroshow JH et al (2000) Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of high-dose intravenous methotrexate in the treatment of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 46:19–26
Vassal G, Valteau D, Bonnay M et al (1990) Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma methotrexate levels following high-dose regimen given as a 3-hour intravenous infusion in children with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 7:71–77
Omuro AM, Ben-Porat LS, Panageas KS et al (2005) Delayed neurotoxicity in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Arch Neurol 62:1595–1600
Abrey LE, DeAngelis LM, Yahalom J (1998) Long-term survival in primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 16(3):859–863
Abrey LE, Yahalom J, DeAngelis LM et al (2000) Treatment for primary CNS lymphoma: the next step. J Clin Oncol 18(17):3144–3150
Gavrilovic IT, Hormigo A, Yahalom J et al (2006) Long-term follow-up of high-dose methotrexate-based therapy with and without whole brain irradiation for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 24:4570–4574
Seam P, Janik JE, DeAngelis LM et al (2009) Role of chemotherapy in Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Cancer J 15:150–154
Brice P (2008) Managing relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 141:3–13
Quddus F, Armitage JO (2009) Salvage therapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Cancer J 15:161–163
Gribben JG (2007) How I treat indolent lymphoma. Blood 109:4617–4626
Feuerlein K, Zucca E, Ghielmini M et al (2009) First-line treatment of follicular lymphoma: a patient-oriented algorithm. Leuk Lymphoma 50:325–334
Michallet AS, Coiffier B (2009) Recent developments in the treatment of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Rev 23:11–23
Friedberg JW, Fisher RI (2008) Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 22:941–952, ix
Wrench D, Gribben JG (2008) Stem cell transplantation for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 22:1051–1079, xi
Lim HY, Thiel E, Glantz MJ (2008) To protect and defend: central nervous system prophylaxis in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Curr Opin Oncol 20:495–501
Mead GM, Sydes MR, Walewski J et al (2002) An international evaluation of CODOX-M and CODOX-M alternating with IVAC in adult Burkitt’s lymphoma: results of United Kingdom lymphoma group LY06 study. Ann Oncol 13:1264–1274
Magrath I, Adde M, Shad A et al (1996) Adults and children with small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma have a similar excellent outcome when treated with the same chemotherapy regimen. J Clin Oncol 14:925–934
Lippens RJ, Winograd B (1988) Methotrexate concentration levels in the cerebrospinal fluid during high-dose methotrexate infusions: an unreliable prediction. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 5:115–124
Geiser CF, Bishop Y, Jaffe N et al (1975) Adverse effects of intrathecal methotrexate in children with acute leukemia in remission. Blood 45:189–195
Glantz MJ, Jaeckle KA, Chamberlain MC et al (1999) A randomized controlled trial comparing intrathecal sustained-release cytarabine (DepoCyt) to intrathecal methotrexate in patients with neoplastic meningitis from solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 5:3394–3402
Phillips PC (1991) Methotrexate toxicity. In: Rottenberg DA (ed) Neurological complications of cancer treatment. Butterworth-heinemann, Boston, MA, pp 115–134
DeAngelis LM, Posner JB (2009) Side effects of chemotherapy: Neurologic complications of cancer. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, pp 447–510
Boogerd W, vd Sande JJ, Moffie D et al (1988) Acute fever and delayed leukoencephalopathy following low dose intraventricular methotrexate. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 51(10):1277–1283
Bates S, McKeever P, Masur H et al (1985) Myelopathy following intrathecal chemotherapy in a patient with extensive Burkitt’s lymphoma and altered immune status. Am J Med 78:697–702
McLean DR, Clink HM, Ernst P et al (1994) Myelopathy after intrathecal chemotherapy. A case report with unique magnetic resonance imaging changes. Cancer 73:3037–3040
Gagliano RG, Costanzi JJ (1976) Paraplegia following intrathecal methotrexate: report of a case and review of the literature. Cancer 37:1663–1668
Clark AW, Cohen SR, Nissenblatt MJ et al (1982) Paraplegia following intrathecal chemotherapy: neuropathologic findings and elevation of myelin basic protein. Cancer 50:42–47
Counsel P, Khangure M (2007) Myelopathy due to intrathecal chemotherapy: magnetic resonance imaging findings. Clin Radiol 62:172–176
Lemann W, Wiley RG, Posner JB (1988) Leukoencephalopathy complicating intraventricular catheters: clinical, radiographic and pathologic study of 10 cases. J Neurooncol 6:67–74
Baehring JM, Fulbright RK (2008) Delayed leukoencephalopathy with stroke-like presentation in chemotherapy recipients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:535–539
Riva D, Giorgi C, Nichellli F et al (2002) Intrathecal methotrexate affects cognitive function in children with medulloblastoma. Neurology 59:48–53
Dicuonzo F, Salvati A, Palma M et al (2009) Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with methotrexate neurotoxicity: conventional magnetic resonance and diffusion-weighted imaging findings. J Child Neurol 24:1013–1018
Winick NJ, Bowman WP, Kamen BA et al (1992) Unexpected acute neurologic toxicity in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:252–256
Yim YS, Mahoney DH Jr, Oshman DG (1991) Hemiparesis and ischemic changes of the white matter after intrathecal therapy for children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer 67:2058–2061
Anderson SC, Baquies GD, Jackson A et al (2002) Ventral polyradiculopathy with pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia. Muscle Nerve 25(1):106–110
Koh S, Nelson MD Jr, Kovanlikaya A et al (1999) Anterior lumbosacral radiculopathy after intrathecal methotrexate treatment. Pediatr Neurol 21:576–578
Pascual AM, Coret F, Casanova B et al (2008) Anterior lumbosacral polyradiculopathy after intrathecal administration of methotrexate. J Neurol Sci 267(1-2):158–161
Bernstein ML, Sobel DB, Wimmer RS (1982) Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema following injection of methotrexate into the cerebrospinal fluid. Cancer 50:866–868
Shore T, Barnett MJ, Phillips GL (1990) Sudden neurologic death after intrathecal methotrexate. Med Pediatr Oncol 18:159–161
Paleologos N (1998) Complications of chemotherapy. In: Biller J (ed) Iatrogenic neurology. Butterworth-heinemann, Boston, MA, pp 439–460
Dietrich J, Wen PY (2008) Neurologic complications of chemotherapy. In: Schiff D, Kesari S, Wen PY (eds) Cancer neurology in clinical practice, Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 287–326
Ettinger LJ (1982) Pharmacokinetics and biochemical effects of a fatal intrathecal methotrexate overdose. Cancer 50:444–450
Finkelstein Y, Zevin S, Heyol J et al (2004) Emergency treatment of life-threatening intrathecal methotrexate overdose. Neurotoxicology 25:407–410
Spiegel RJ, Cooper PR, Blun RH et al (1984) Treatment of massive intrathecal methotrexate overdose by ventriculolumbar perfusion. N Engl J Med 311:386–388
Widemann BC, Balis FM, Shalabi A et al (2004) Treatment of accidental intrathecal methotrexate overdose with intrathecal carboxypeptidase G2. J Natl Cancer Inst 96(20):1557–1559
Wernick R, Smith DL (1989) Central nervous system toxicity associated with weekly low-dose methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum 32:770–775
Schmiegelow K (2009) Advances in individual prediction of methotrexate toxicity: a review. Br J Haematol 146:489–503
Rubnitz JE, Relling MV, Harrison PL et al (1998) Transient encephalopathy following high-dose methotrexate treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 12:1176–1181
Sanchez-Carpintero R, Narbona J, Lopez de Mesa R et al (2001) Transient posterior encephalopathy induced by chemotherapy in children. Pediatr Neurol 24:145–148
Erbetta A, Salmaggi A, Sghirlanzoni A et al (2008) Clinical and radiological features of brain neurotoxicity caused by antitumor and immunosuppressant treatments. Neurol Sci 29:131–137
Martino RL, Benson AB, 3rd, Merritt JA et al (1984) Transient neurologic dysfunction following moderate-dose methotrexate for undifferentiated lymphoma. Cancer 54:2003–2005
Walker RW, Allen JC, Rosen G et al (1986) Transient cerebral dysfunction secondary to high-dose methotrexate. J Clin Oncol 4:1845–1850
Inaba H, Khan RB, Laninghan FH et al (2008) Clinical and radiological characteristics of methotrexate-induced acute encephalopathy in pediatric patients with cancer. Ann Oncol 19:178–184
Borgna-Pignatti C, Battisti L, Marradi P et al (1992) Transient neurologic disturbances in a child treated with moderate-dose methotrexate. Br J Haematol 81:448
Phillips PC, Dhawan Y, Strother SC et al (1987) Reduced cerebral glucose metabolism and increased brain capillary permeability following high-dose methotrexate chemotherapy: a positron emission tomographic study. Ann Neurol 21:59–63
Millot F, Dhondt JL, Hayte JM et al (1992) Impairment of cerebral biogenic amine synthesis in a patient receiving high-dose methotrexate. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 14:276–278
Chabner BA, Allegra CJ, Curt GA et al (1985) Polyglutamation of methotrexate. Is methotrexate a prodrug? J Clin Invest 76:907–912
Pizzo PA, Poplack DG, Blyer WA et al (1979) Neurotoxicities of current leukemia therapy. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1:127–140
Rubinstein LJ, Herman MM, Long TF et al (1975) Disseminated necrotizing leukoencephalopathy: a complication of treated central nervous system leukemia and lymphoma. Cancer 35:291–305
Shuper A, Stark B, Kornreich L et al (2000) Methotrexate treatment protocols and the central nervous system: significant cure with significant neurotoxicity. J Child Neurol 15:573–580
Lai R, Abrey LE, Rosenblum MK et al (2004) Treatment-induced leukoencephalopathy in primary CNS lymphoma: a clinical and autopsy study. Neurology 62:451–456
Ochs J, Mulhern R, Fairclough D et al (1991) Comparison of neuropsychologic functioning and clinical indicators of neurotoxicity in long-term survivors of childhood leukemia given cranial radiation or parenteral methotrexate: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol 9:145–151
Oka M, Terae S, Kobayashi R et al (2003) MRI in methotrexate-related leukoencephalopathy: disseminated necrotising leukoencephalopathy in comparison with mild leukoencephalopathy. Neuroradiology 45:493–497
Price RA, Birdwell DA (1978) The central nervous system in childhood leukemia. III. Mineralizing microangiopathy and dystrophic calcification. Cancer 42:717–728
Davidson A, Payne G, Leach MO et al (2000) Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the brain following high-dose methotrexate treatment for childhood cancer. Med Pediatr Oncol 35:28–34
Casey EB, Jellife AM, Le Quesne PM et al (1973) Vincristine neuropathy. Clinical and electrophysiological observations. Brain 96:69–86
Legha SS (1986) Vincristine neurotoxicity. Pathophysiology and management. Med Toxicol 1:421–427
McLeod JG, Penny R (1969) Vincristine neuropathy: an electrophysiological and histological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 32:297–304
Weintraub M, Adde MA, Venzon DJ et al (1996) Severe atypical neuropathy associated with administration of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors and vincristine. J Clin Oncol 14:935–940
Sandler SG, Tobin W, Henderson ES et al (1969) Vincristine-induced neuropathy. A clinical study of fifty leukemic patients. Neurology 19:367–374
Nishikawa T, Kawakami K, Kumamoto T et al (2008) Severe neurotoxicities in a case of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 caused by vincristine for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 30:519–521
Naumann R, Moham J, Reuner U et al (2001) Early recognition of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type 1 can avoid life-threatening vincristine neurotoxicity. Br J Haematol 115:323–325
Munier F, Perentes E, Herbort CP et al (1992) Selective loss of optic nerve beta-tubulin in vincristine-induced blindness. Am J Med 93:232–234
Gaidys WG, Dickerman JD, Walters CL et al (1983) Intrathecal vincristine. Report of a fatal case despite CNS washout. Cancer 52:799–801
Robertson GL, Bhoopalam N, Zelkowitz LJ (1973) Vincristine neurotoxicity and abnormal secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Arch Intern Med 132:717–720
Hurwitz RL, Mahoney DH Jr, Armstrong DL et al (1988) Reversible encephalopathy and seizures as a result of conventional vincristine administration. Med Pediatr Oncol 16:216–219
Byrd RL, Rohrbaugh TM, Raney RB Jr et al (1981) Transient cortical blindness secondary to vincristine therapy in childhood malignancies. Cancer 47:37–40
Boranic M, Raci F (1979) A Parkinson-like syndrome as side effect of chemotherapy with vincristine and adriamycin in a child with acute leukaemia. Biomedicine 31:124–125
Fazeny B, Zifko U, Meryn S et al (1996) Vinorelbine-induced neurotoxicity in patients with advanced breast cancer pretreated with paclitaxel – a phase II study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 39:150–156
Herzig RH, Hines JD, Herzig GP et al (1987) Cerebellar toxicity with high-dose cytosine arabinoside. J Clin Oncol 5(6):927–932
Hwang TL, Yung WK, Estey EH et al (1985) Central nervous system toxicity with high-dose Ara-C. Neurology 35:1475–1479
Winkelman MD, Hines JD (1983) Cerebellar degeneration caused by high-dose cytosine arabinoside: a clinicopathological study. Ann Neurol 14:520–527
Gottlieb D, Bradstock K, Koutts J et al (1987) The neurotoxicity of high-dose cytosine arabinoside is age-related. Cancer 60:1439–1441
Smith GA, Damon LE, Rugo HS et al (1997) High-dose cytarabine dose modification reduces the incidence of neurotoxicity in patients with renal insufficiency. J Clin Oncol 15:833–839
Johnson NT, Crawford SW, Sargur M (1987) Acute acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy with respiratory failure following high-dose systemic cytosine arabinoside and marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2:203–207
Ritch PS, Hansen RM, Heuer DK (1983) Ocular toxicity from high-dose cytosine arabinoside. Cancer 51:430–432
Baker WJ, Royer GL Jr, Weirs RB (1991) Cytarabine and neurologic toxicity. J Clin Oncol 9:679–693
Luque FA, Selhorst JB, Petruska P (1987) Parkinsonism induced by high-dose cytosine arabinoside. Mov Disord 2:219–222
Glantz MJ, LaFollette S, Jaeckle KA et al (1999) Randomized trial of a slow-release versus a standard formulation of cytarabine for the intrathecal treatment of lymphomatous meningitis. J Clin Oncol 17:3110–3116
Dunton SF, Nitschke R, Spruce WE et al (1986) Progressive ascending paralysis following administration of intrathecal and intravenous cytosine arabinoside. A pediatric oncology group study. Cancer 57:1083–1088
Resar LM, Phillips PC, Kastan MB et al (1993) Acute neurotoxicity after intrathecal cytosine arabinoside in two adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of B-cell type. Cancer 71:117–123
Eden OB, Goldie W, Wood T et al (1978) Seizures following intrathecal cytosine arabinoside in young children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer 42:53–58
Fort JA, Smith LD (1999) Pseudotumor cerebri secondary to intermediate-dose cytarabine HCl. Ann Pharmacother 33:576–578
Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Yeh M (1992) “Locked-in syndrome” after intrathecal cytosine arabinoside therapy for malignant immunoblastic lymphoma. Cancer 70:2504–2507
Watkin SW, Husband DJ, Green JA et al (1989) Ifosfamide encephalopathy: a reappraisal. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 25:1303–1310
Zalupski M, Baker LH (1988) Ifosfamide. J Natl Cancer Inst 80:556–566
Buesa JM, Garcia-Teijido P, Losa R et al (2003) Treatment of ifosfamide encephalopathy with intravenous thiamin. Clin Cancer Res 9:4636–4637
Pelgrims J, De Vos F, Van den Brande J et al (2000) Methylene blue in the treatment and prevention of ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy: report of 12 cases and a review of the literature. Br J Cancer 82:291–294
Gieron MA et al (1988) Severe encephalopathy associated with ifosfamide administration in two children with metastatic tumors. J Neurooncol 6(1):29–30
Shuper A, Stein J, Goshen J et al (2000) Subacute central nervous system degeneration in a child: an unusual manifestation of ifosfamide intoxication. J Child Neurol 15:481–483
Schachter S, Freeman R (1982) Transient ischemic attack and adriamycin cardiomyopathy. Neurology 32:1380–1381
Arico M, Nespoli L, Porta F et al (1990) Severe acute encephalopathy following inadvertent intrathecal doxorubicin administration. Med Pediatr Oncol 18:261–263
Vandenberg SA, Kulig K, Spoerke DG et al (1988) Chlorambucil overdose: accidental ingestion of an antineoplastic drug. J Emerg Med 6:495–498
Wyllie AR, Bayliff CD, Kovacs MJ (1997) Myoclonus due to chlorambucil in two adults with lymphoma. Ann Pharmacother 31:171–174
Salloum E, Khan KK, Cooper DL (1997) Chlorambucil-induced seizures. Cancer 79:1009–1013
Burns LJ (1992) Ocular toxicities of chemotherapy. Semin Oncol 19:492–500
Chabner BA, Longo DL (1996) Cancer chemotherapy and biotherapy: principles and practice, Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA
Kende G, Sirkin SR, Thomas PR et al (1979) Blurring of vision: a previously undescribed complication of cyclophosphamide therapy. Cancer 44:69–71
Tashima CK (1975) Immediate cerebral symptoms during rapid intravenous administration of cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271). Cancer Chemother Rep 59:441–442
Leff RS, Thompson JM, Daly MB et al (1988) Acute neurologic dysfunction after high-dose etoposide therapy for malignant glioma. Cancer 62:32–35
Chamberlain MC, Tsao-wei DD, Groshen S (2006) Phase II trial of intracerebrospinal fluid etoposide in the treatment of neoplastic meningitis. Cancer 106:2021–2027
Cheson BD, Vena DA, Foss FM et al (1994) Neurotoxicity of purine analogs: a review. J Clin Oncol 12:2216–2228
Cohen RB, Abdsallah JM, Gray JR et al (1993) Reversible neurologic toxicity in patients treated with standard-dose fludarabine phosphate for mycosis fungoides and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Intern Med 118:114–116
Spriggs DR, Stopa E, Mayer RJ et al (1986) Fludarabine phosphate (NSC 312878) infusions for the treatment of acute leukemia: phase I and neuropathological study. Cancer Res 46:5953–5958
Hammack JE, Cascino TL (1998) Chemotherapy and other common drug-induced toxicities of the central nervous system in patients with cancer. In: Vecht CJ (ed) Handbook of clinical neurology. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 481–514
Chun HG, Leyland-Jones BR, Caryk SM et al (1986) Central nervous system toxicity of fludarabine phosphate. Cancer Treat Rep 70:1225–1228
Warrell RP Jr, Berman E (1986) Phase I and II study of fludarabine phosphate in leukemia: therapeutic efficacy with delayed central nervous system toxicity. J Clin Oncol 4:74–79
Cid J, Revilla M, Cervera A et al (2000) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following oral fludarabine treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Ann Hematol 79:392–395
Kiewe P, Seyfert S, Korper S et al (2003) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with detection of JC virus in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia parallel to onset of fludarabine therapy. Leuk Lymphoma 44:1815–1818
Rodriguez L, Ribera JM, Batlle M et al (2002) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy shortly after the diagnosis of follicular lymphoma in a patient treated with fludarabine. Haematologica 87:ECR26
Saumoy M, Castells G, Escoda L et al (2002) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia after treatment with fludarabine. Leuk Lymphoma 43:433–436
Sullivan KM, Storb R, Shulman HM et al (1982) Immediate and delayed neurotoxicity after mechlorethamine preparation for bone marrow transplantation. Ann Intern Med 97:182–189
Burger PC, Kamenar E, Schold SC et al (1981) Encephalomyelopathy following high-dose BCNU therapy. Cancer 48:1318–1327
Weiss HD, Walker MD, Wiernik PH (1974) Neurotoxicity of commonly used antineoplastic agents (second of two parts). N Engl J Med 291:127–133
Postma TJ, van Groenigen CJ, Witjes RJ et al (1998) Neurotoxicity of combination chemotherapy with procarbazine, CCNU and vincristine (PCV) for recurrent glioma. J Neurooncol 38(1):69–75
Spivack SD (1974) Drugs 5 years later: procarbazine. Ann Intern Med 81:795–800
Gutin PH, Levi JA, Wiernik PH et al (1977) Treatment of malignant meningeal disease with intrathecal thioTEPA: a phase II study. Cancer Treat Rep 61:885–887
Drappatz J, Schiff D, Kesaru S et al (2007) Medical management of brain tumor patients. Neurol Clin 25:1035–1071
DeAngelis LM, Posner JB (2009b) Supportive care and its complications: Neurologic complications of cancer. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, pp 95–140
Batchelor TT, Taylor LP, Thaler HT et al (1997) Steroid myopathy in cancer patients. Neurology 48:1234–1238
Dropcho EJ, Soong SJ (1991) Steroid-induced weakness in patients with primary brain tumors. Neurology 41:1235–1239
Stiefel FC, Breitbart WS, Holland JC (1989) Corticosteroids in cancer: neuropsychiatric complications. Cancer Invest 7:479–491
Lewis DA, Smith RE (1983) Steroid-induced psychiatric syndromes. A report of 14 cases and a review of the literature. J Affect Disord 5:319–332
Baethge BA, Lidsky MD (1986) Intractable hiccups associated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. Ann Intern Med 104:58–59
Haddad SF, Hitchon PW, Godersky JC (1991) Idiopathic and glucocorticoid-induced spinal epidural lipomatosis. J Neurosurg 74:38–42
Caraceni A, Gangeri L, Martini C et al (1998) Neurotoxicity of interferon-alpha in melanoma therapy: results from a randomized controlled trial. Cancer 83:482–489
Meyers CA, Obbens EA, Scheibel RS et al (1991) Neurotoxicity of intraventricularly administered alpha-interferon for leptomeningeal disease. Cancer 68:88–92
Meyers CA, Scheibel RS, Forman AD (1991) Persistent neurotoxicity of systemically administered interferon-alpha. Neurology 41:672–676
Rohatiner AZ, Prior PF, Burton AC et al (1983) Central nervous system toxicity of interferon. Br J Cancer 47:419–422
Spiegel RJ (1987) The alpha interferons: clinical overview. Semin Oncol 14:1–12
Hensley ML, Peterson B, Silver RT et al (2000) Risk factors for severe neuropsychiatric toxicity in patients receiving interferon alfa-2b and low-dose cytarabine for chronic myelogenous leukemia: analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9013. J Clin Oncol 18:1301–1308
Smedley H, Katrak M, Sikora K et al (1983) Neurological effects of recombinant human interferon. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 286:262–264
Suter CC, Westmoreland BF, Shabrough FW et al (1984) Electroencephalographic abnormalities in interferon encephalopathy: a preliminary report. Mayo Clin Proc 59:847–850
Hejny C, Sternberg P, Lawson DH et al (2001) Retinopathy associated with high-dose interferon alfa-2b therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 131:782–787
Vesikari T, Nuutila A, Cantell K (1988) Neurologic sequelae following interferon therapy of juvenile laryngeal papilloma. Acta Paediatr Scand 77:619–622
Raison CL, Demetrashvili M, Capuron L et al (2005) Neuropsychiatric adverse effects of interferon-alpha: recognition and management. CNS Drugs 19:105–123
Michallet M, Maloisel F, Delain M et al (2004) Pegylated recombinant interferon alpha-2b vs recombinant interferon alpha-2b for the initial treatment of chronic-phase chronic myelogenous leukemia: a phase III study. Leukemia 18:309–315
Adamson PC, Reaman G, Finklestein JZ et al (1997) Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of all-trans-retinoic acid administered on an intermittent schedule in combination with interferon-alpha2a in pediatric patients with refractory cancer. J Clin Oncol 15:3330–3337
Tallman MS, Andersen JW, Schiffer CA et al (1997) All-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 337:1021–1028
Maloney DG, Press OW (1998) Newer treatments for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: monoclonal antibodies. Oncology (Williston Park) 12:63–76
Foran JM, Rohatiner AZ, Cunninghan D et al (2000) European phase II study of rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) for patients with newly diagnosed mantle-cell lymphoma and previously treated mantle-cell lymphoma, immunocytoma, and small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 18:317–324
Kaminski MS, Estes J, Zasadny KR et al (2000) Radioimmunotherapy with iodine (131)I tositumomab for relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: updated results and long-term follow-up of the University of Michigan experience. Blood 96:1259–1266
Vose JM, Wahl RL, Saleh M et al (2000) Multicenter phase II study of iodine-131 tositumomab for chemotherapy-relapsed/refractory low-grade and transformed low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. J Clin Oncol 18:1316–1323
Dillman RO, Hendrix CS (2003) Unique aspects of supportive care using monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment. Support Cancer Ther 1:38–48
Morschhauser F, Radford J, Van Hoof A et al (2008) Phase III trial of consolidation therapy with yttrium-90-ibritumomab tiuxetan compared with no additional therapy after first remission in advanced follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 26:5156–5164
Apisarnthanarax N (2002) Treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma: current status and future directions. Am J Clin Dermatol 3:193–215
Olsen E, Duvic M, Frankal A et al (2001) Pivotal phase III trial of two dose levels of denileukin diftitox for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 19:376–388
Deininger MW, O’Brien SG, Ford JM et al (2003) Practical management of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia receiving imatinib. J Clin Oncol 21:1637–1647
Kantarjian H, Sawyers C, Hochhaus A et al (2002) Hematologic and cytogenetic responses to imatinib mesylate in chronic myelogenous leukemia. N Engl J Med 346:645–652
Penel N, Blay JY, Adenis A et al (2008) Imatinib as a possible cause of severe rhabdomyolysis. N Engl J Med 358:2746–2747
Song KW, Rifkind J, Al-Beirouti B et al (2004) Subdural hematomas during CML therapy with imatinib mesylate. Leuk Lymphoma 45:1633–1636
Schiff D, Wen PY, van den Bent MJ et al (2009) Neurological adverse effects caused by cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 6:596–603
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Quant, E.C., Fisher, D.C., Wen, P.Y. (2012). Neurological Complications of Chemotherapy in Lymphoma and Leukemia Patients. In: Batchelor, T., DeAngelis, L. (eds) Lymphoma and Leukemia of the Nervous System. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7668-0_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7668-0_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7667-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7668-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)