Skip to main content

Counting and Rendezvous: Two Applications of Distributed Consensus in Robotics

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Consensus protocols have been widely studied in recent years in the control community. We discuss two applications of consensus protocols in robotics: counting and rendezvous. For counting, the main issue is how each agent can estimate the total number of robots in a network by using limited communications with its neighbors. For rendezvous, the aim is to make the agents converge to a common meeting point, again by only allowing them to communicate with immediate neighbors. We present a formal analysis of the proposed algorithms and prove their convergence properties by relying on the theory of consensus protocols.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This is the problem when the equilibrium position x has the same sum as the initial vector x(0).

  2. 2.

    The reference to a global coordinate frame Q will be relaxed in Sect. 8.4.2.

References

  1. H. Ando, Y. Oasa, I. Suzuki, and M. Yamashita. Distributed memoryless point convergence algorithm for mobile robots with limited visibility. IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, 15(5), 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  2. T.C. Aysal, M. Coates, and M. Rabbat. Rates of convergence of distributed average consensus using probabilistic quantization. In Allerton Conference on Communication, Control and Computing, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  3. H.E. Bell. Gerschgorin’s theorem and the zeros of polynomials. American Mathematical Monthly, 72, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  4. D. Bertsekas and J. Tsitsiklis. Parallel and Distributed Computation: Numerical Methods. Prentice Hall, NJ, 1989.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. S. Boyd, A. Ghosh, B. Prabhakar, and D. Shah. Gossip algorithms: design, analysis and applications. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. INFOCOM 2005, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. Boyd, A. Ghosh, B. Prabhakar, and D. Shah. Randomized gossip algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52(6), 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  7. C.H. Caicedo-N. and M. Žefran. Balancing sensing and coverage in mobile sensor networks: A min-max based approach. In Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conferece on Decision and Control, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  8. C.H. Caicedo-N. and M. Žefran. Balancing sensing and coverage in mobile sensor networks: Aggregation based approach. In ICRA Workshop on Collective Behaviors inspired by Biological and Biochemical Systems, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  9. C.H. Caicedo-N. and M. Žefran. Consensus-based rendezvous. In Proceedings of the IEEE Multiconference on Systems and Control, pages 1031–1036, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  10. C.H. Caicedo-N. and M. Žefran. Rendezvous under noisy measurements. In Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  11. C.H. Caicedo-N. and M. Zefran. Probabilistic guarantees for rendezvous under noisy measurements. In Proceedings of the 2009 American Control Conference, pages 5180–5185, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. Carli, F. Bullo, and S. Zampieri. Quantized average consensus via dynamic coding/decoding schemes. In Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pages 4916–4921, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  13. R. Carli, F. Fagnani, A. Speranzon, and S. Zampieri. Communication constraints in the average consensus problem. Automatica, 44(3):671–684, 2008.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Chi-Tsong Chen. Linear System, Theory and Design. The Oxford Series in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Oxford University Press, New York, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  15. J. Cortés, S. Martínez, and F. Bullo. Robust rendezvous for mobile autonomous agents via proximity graphs in arbitrary dimensions. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 51(8), 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  16. F. Cucker and E. Mordecki. Flocking in noisy environments. Journal de Mathmatiques Pures et Appliques, 89(3):278–296, 2008.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. M.H. DeGroot. Reaching a consensus. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69(345):118–121, 1974.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Fagiolini, A. Bicchi, G. Dini, and I.M. Savino. Tolerating malicious monitors in detecting misbehaving robots. In IEEE International Workshop on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics, Tohoku University Aobayama Campus, Sendai, Japan, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  19. M.J. Fischer, N.A. Lynch, and M.S. Paterson. Impossibility of distributed consensus with one faulty process. Journal of the ACM (JACM), 32(2), 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  20. P. Flocchini, G. Prencipe, N. Santoro, and P. Widmayer. Gathering of asynchronous robots with limited visibility. Theoretical Computer Science, 337(1–3):147–168, 2005.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. J.R.P. French Jr. A formal theory of social power. Psychological Review, 63(3):181–194, 1956.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Garulli and A. Giannitrapani. A set-membership approach to consensus problems with bounded measurement errors. In Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  23. C. Godsil and G. Royle. Algebraic Graph Theory. Number 207 in Graduate Texts on Mathematics. Springer, New York, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. Grama, A. Gupta, G. Karypis, and V. Kumar. Introduction to Parallel Computing, second edition. Addison-Wesley, Boston, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  25. R.A. Horn and C.R. Johnson. Matrix Analysis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Huang and J.H. Manton. Stochastic approximation for consensus seeking: Mean square and almost sure convergence. In Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  27. A. Jadbabaie, J. Lin, and A. S. Morse. Coordination of groups of mobile autonomous agents using nearest neighbor rules. IEEE Transaction on Automatic Control, 48(6), 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  28. M. Jelasity and A. Montresor. Epidemic-style proactive aggregation in large overlay networks. In Proceedings of The 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS 2004), pages 102–109, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. Kashyap, T. Basar, and R. Srikant. Quantized consensus. Automatica, 43(7):1192–1203, 2007.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. Derek B. Kingston and Randal W. Beard. Discrete-time average-consensus under switching network topologies. In American Control Conference, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  31. M. Krein and D. Milman. On extreme points of regular convex sets. Studia Mathematica, 9:133–138, 1940.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. J. Lin, A.S. Morse, and B.D.O. Anderson. The multi-agent rendezvous problem – the asynchronous case. In Proceedings of the 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, pages 1926–1931, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  33. N.A. Lynch. Distributed Algorithms. Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, 1996.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. S. Martínez. Practical rendezvous through modified circumcenter algorithms. In Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  35. L. Moreau. Stability of multiagent systems with time-dependent communication links. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 50(2), 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  36. R. Olfati-Saber, J.A. Fax, and R.M. Murray. Consensus and cooperation in networked multi-agent systems. Proceedings of the IEEE, 95(1), 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  37. R. Olfati-Saber and R.M. Murray. Consensus problems in networks of agents with switching topology and time-delays. IEEE Transactions On Automatic Control, 49:1520–1533, s2004.

    Google Scholar 

  38. W. Ren, R.W. Beard, and E.M. Atkins. Information consensus in multivehicle cooperative control. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 27(2):71–82, 2007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. L. Schenato and G. Gamba. A distributed consensus protocol for clock synchronization in wireless sensor network. In Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  40. L. Schenato and S. Zampieri. On the performance of randomized communication topologies for rendezvous control of multiple vehicles. In Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Mathematical Theory of Networks and Systems, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  41. E. Seneta. Non-negative Matrices and Markov Chains, second edition. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer, New York, 1981.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. J.N. Tsitsiklis. Problems in Decentralized Decision Making and Computation. PhD thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J.N. Tsitsiklis, D.P. Bertsekas, and M. Athans. Distributed asynchronous deterministic and stochastic gradient optimization algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 31(9), 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Tamás Vicsek, András Czirók, Eshel Ben-Jacob, Inon Cohen, and Ofer Shochet. Novel type of phase transition in a system of self-driven particles. Physical Review Letters, 75(6):1226–1229, Aug 1995.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Roger Wattenhofer and Peter Widmayer. An inherent bottleneck in distributed counting. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 49(1), 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Roger Wattenhofer and Peter Widmayer. The counting pyramid: an adaptive distributed counting scheme. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 64(4), 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Douglas B. West. Introduction to Graph Theory. Prentice Hall, second edition, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  48. J. Yu, S. LaValle, and D. Liberzon. Rendezvous without coordinates. In Proceedings of the 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2008.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Miloš Žefran .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Caicedo-Núñez, C.H., Žefran, M. (2011). Counting and Rendezvous: Two Applications of Distributed Consensus in Robotics. In: Mazumder, S. (eds) Wireless Networking Based Control. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7393-1_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7393-1_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7392-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7393-1

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics