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Neurobiology of Actin pp 177–200Cite as

Actin at the Synapse: Contribution to Pre- and Postsynaptic Functions

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Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 5))

Abstract

Synapses are specialized intercellular junctions through which one neuron sends signals to another neuron or a non-neuronal excitable cell. In the central nervous system (CNS), electrical signals can be propagated across neurons via either electrical or chemical synapses. An electrical synapse is a direct electronic coupling between two adjacent cells via a specialized apparatus called gap junction (Bennett and Zukin 2004. The term “synapses” often simply refers to chemical synapses because they are the most common synapses in animals and the term “synapse” was historically introduced to describe chemical synapses (Cowan and Kandel 2001, Boeckers 2006). A typical chemical synapse contains the presynaptic terminus, synaptic cleft, and postsynaptic membrane. Electrical signals are transmitted from a presynaptic neuron to a postsynaptic neuron when neurotransmitters released from the presynaptic terminus cause postsynaptic depolarization in excitatory synapses or hyperpolarization in inhibitory synapses. Actin and its binding partners can modulate presynaptic functions by altering the release of neurotransmitters (Doussau and Augustine 2000, Schweizer and Ryan 2006) and can also modulate the strength of postsynaptic responses by altering the morphology and function of dendritic spines (Carlisle and Kennedy 2005, Kopec and Malinow 2006, Tada and Sheng 2006).

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  1. Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Dezhi Liao

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  1. , Dept Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, 19129, Pennsylvania, USA

    Gianluca Gallo

  2. 4-140 MCB, Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, 321 Church St., Minneapolis, 55455, Minnesota, USA

    Lorene M. Lanier

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Liao, D. (2011). Actin at the Synapse: Contribution to Pre- and Postsynaptic Functions. In: Gallo, G., Lanier, L. (eds) Neurobiology of Actin. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 5. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7368-9_10

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