Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nutraceutical Use of Garlic Sulfur-Containing Compounds

  • Chapter
Bio-Farms for Nutraceuticals

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 698))

Abstract

Garlic is one of world s oldest medicines that have been employed not only for flavouring but also as a medical herb for its prophylactic and therapeutic actions. Most of garlic beneficial effects are due to the presence of the organosulphate molecule allicin. Allicin is a highly unstable molecule and, during processing, is rapidly transformed into a variety of organosulfur components. The enzyme alliinase, which is responsible for the conversion of alliin to allicin, is irreversibly destroyed at the acidic environment of stomach. This is the reason why most garlic supplements contain garlic powder or granules, but do not contain allicin itself. Garlic alliinase could be encapsulated and coated with materials which would protect it in the harsh conditions of the stomach. The objective of this chapter is to summarize the most important garlic health benefits and to discuss promising encapsulation/stabilization approaches.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Moyers S. Garlic in health, history and world cuisine. St. Petersburg, FL. Suncoast Press, 1996; 1–36.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Rose P, Whiteman M, Moore PK et al. Bioactive S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxide metabolites in the genus Allium: the chemistry of potential therapeutic agents. Nat Prod Rep 2005; 22:351–368.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lanzotti V. The analysis of onion and garlic. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1112;3–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Milner JA. Garlic: its anticarcinogenic and antitumorigenic properties. Nutr Rev 1996; 54:S82–S86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gorinstein S, Jastrzebski Z, Leontowicz H et al. Comparative control of the bioactivity of some frequently consumed vegetables subjected to different processing conditions. Food Control 2009; 20:407–413.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Staba EJ, Lash L, Staba JE. A Commentary on the effects of garlic extraction and formulation on product composition. J Nutr 2001; 131:1118S–1119S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Liu L, Yeh Y. Water-soluble organosulfur compounds of garlic inhibit fatty acid biosynthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes. Lipids 2001; 36(4):395–400.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. De Martino A, Filomeni G, Aquilano K et al. Effects of water garlic extracts on cell cycle and viability of HepG2 hepatoma cells. J Nutrit Biochem 2006; 17:742–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lawson LD, Hughes BG. Characterization of the formation of allicin and other thiosulfinates from garlic. Planta Med 1992; 58:345–350.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Amagase H, Petesch BL, Matsuura H. Intake of garlic and its bioactive components. J Nutr 2001; 131:955S–926S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaymak-Ertekin F, Gedik A. Kinetic modelling of quality deterioration in onions during drying and storage. J Food Eng 2005; 68(4):443–453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ramalakshmi K, Prabhakar Rao PG, Raghavan B. Effect of storage on the quality of stabilized garlic powder. Indian Spices 1999; 34(4): 5–7.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yu LI, Shi-ying XU. Preparation of garlic powder with high allicin content. Agric Sci China 2007; 6(7):890–898.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tattelman EMD. Health effects of garlic. Am Fam Phys 2005; 72:103–106.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Agarwal KC. Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents. Med Res Rev 1996; 16:111–124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Aukris S. Antimicrobial properties of Allicin from garlic. Microbes infect 1999; 11:125–129.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Davis SR, Perrie R, Apitz-Castro R. The in vitro susceptibility of Scedosporium prolificans to ajoene, allitridium and a raw extract of garlic (Allium sativum). J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51(3):593–597.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Chowdhury AKZ, Ahsan M, Islam SN et al. Efficacy of aqueous extract of garlic and allicin in experimental shigellosis in rabbits. Indian J Medic Res 1991; 93:33–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sivam GP. Recent protection against Helicobacter pylori and other bacterial infections by garlic. J Nutr 2001; 131:1106S–1108S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zenner L, Callait MP, Granier C et al. In vitro effect of essential oils from Cinnamomum aromaticum, Citrus limon and Allium sativum on two intestinal flagellates of poultry, Tetratrichomonas gallinarum and Histomonas meleagridis. Parasite 2003; 10(2):153–157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Soffar SA, Mokhtar GM. Evaluation of the antiparasitic effect of aqueous garlic (Allium sativum) extract in hymenolepiasis nana and giardiasis. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 1991; 21:497–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ayaz E, Turel I, Gul A et al. Evaluation of the anthelmentic activity of garlic (Allium sativum) in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera. Recent Pat Anti-Infect Drug Discov 2008; 3(2):149–152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Nok AJ, Williams S, Onyenekwe PC. Allium sativum-induced death of African trypanosomes. Parasitol Res 1996; 82:634–637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lawson LD. The composition and chemistry of garlic cloves and processed garlic. In: Koch HP, Lawson LD, eds. Garlic: The Science And Therapeutic Application Of Allium Sativum L. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1996;37–108.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Davis LE, Shen J, Royer RE. In vitro synergism of concentrated Allium sativum extract and amphotericinB against Cryptococcus neoformans. Planta Med 1994; 60:546–549.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Harris JC, Cottrell SL, Plummer S et al. Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 57:282–286.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Weber ND, Andersen DO, North JA et al. In vitro virucidal effects of Allium sativum (Garlic) Extract and Compounds. Planta Med 1992; 58:417–423.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Thomson M, Ali M. Garlic [Allium sativum]: a review of its potential use as an anti-cancer agent. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2003; 3(1):67–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Li H, Li HQ, Wang Y et al. An intervention study to prevent gastric cancer by microselenium and large dose of allitridum. Chin MedJ 2004; 117(8): 1155–1160.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Milner JA. Preclinical perspectives on garlic and cancer. J Nutr 2006; 136:827S–831S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Lea MA, Ayyala US. Differentiating and growth inhibitory effects of diallyl disulfide on cancer cells. Int J Oncol 1997; 11:181–185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sigounas G, Hooker J, Anagnostou A et al. S-Allylmercaptocysteine inhibits cell proliferation and reduces the viability of erythroleukemia, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Nutr Cancer 1997; 27:186–191.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Durak I, Yilmaz E, Devrim E et al. Consumption of aqueous garlic extract leads to significant improvement in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Nutrit Res 2003; 23:199–204.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Dong Y, Lisk D, Block E et al. Characterization of the biological activity of gammaglutamyl-S e-methylselenocysteine: a novel, naturally occurring anticancer agent from garlic. Cancer Res 2001; 61(7):2923–2928.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Hodge G, Hodge S, Han P. Allium sativum (garlic) suppresses leukocyte inflammatory cytokine production in vitro: Potential therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Cytometry 2002; 48:209–215.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Keiss HP, Dirsch VM, Hartung T et al. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) modulates cytokine expression in lipopoly-saccharide activated human blood thereby inhibiting NF-κB activity. J Nutr 2003; 133:2171–2175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Allison GL, Lowe GM, Rahman K. Aged garlic extract and its constituents inhibit platelet aggregation through multiple mechanisms. J Nutr 2006; 136:782S–788S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Ohaeri OC, Adoga GI. Anticoagulant modulation of blood cells and platelet reactivity by garlic oil in experimental diabetes mellitus. Biosci Rep 2006; 26(1):1–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Chan K, Yin M, Chao W. Effect of diallyl trisulfide-rich garlic oil on blood coagulation and plasma activity of anticoagulation factors in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2007; 45:502–507.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Srivastava KC, Tyagi OD. Effects of a garlic-derived principle (ajoene) on aggregation and arachidonic acid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1993; 49:587–595.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Koscielny J, Klussendorf D, Latza R et al. The antiatherosclerotic effect of Allium sativum. Atherosclerosis, 1999; 144(1):237–249.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Yeh YY, Liu L. Cholesterol-lowering effects of garlic extracts and organosulfur compounds: human and animal studies. J Nutr 2001; 131:989S–993S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Chetty KN, Calahan L, Harris KC et al. Garlic attenuates hypercholesterolemic risk factors in olive oil fed rats and high cholesterol fed rats. Pathophysiology 2003; 9(3):127–132.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kannar D, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Savige GS et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of an enteric-coated garlic supplement. J Am Coll Nutr 2001; 20(3):225–231.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Qidwai W, Qureshi R, Hasan SN et al. Effect of dietary garlic (Allium sativum) on the blood pressure in humans—a pilot study. J Pak Med Assoc 2000; 50(6):204–207.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Anim-Nyame N, Sooranna SR, Johnson MR et al. Garlic supplementation increases peripheral blood flow; a role for interleukin-6? J Nutr Biochem 2004; 15:30–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Ohaeri OC. Effect of garlic oil on the levels of various enzymes in the serum and tissue of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Biosci Rep 2001; 21:19–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bhagyalakshmi N, Thimmaraju R, Venkatachalam L et al. Nutraceutical applications of garlic and the intervention of biotechnology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45(7):607–621.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Eidi A, Eidi M, Esmaeili E. Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 2005; 13:624–629.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kasuga S, Ushijima M, Morihara N et al. Effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on hyper glycemia induced immobilization stress in mice. Nippon yakurigaku Zassh 1999; 114:192–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Ryan EA, Pick Mea, Marceau C. Use of alternative medicines in diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2001; 18(3):242–245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Garlic extract attenuates time-dependent changes in the reactivity of isolated aorta in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Life Sci 2003; 73(18):2281–2289.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Borek C. Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract. J Nutr 2001; 131:1010S–1015S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Banerjee SK, Mukherjee PK, Maulik SK. Garlic as an antioxidant: the good, the bad and the ugly. Phytother Res 2003; 17(2):97–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Benkeblia N. Free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant properties of some selected onions (A. cepa L.) and garlic (A. sativum L.) extracts. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2005; 48(5):753–759.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Bozin B, Mimica-Dukic N, Samojlik I et al. Phenolics as antioxidants in garlic (A. sativum L., Alliaceae). Food Chem 2008; 111:925–929.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Queiroz YS, Ishimoto EY, Bastos DHM et al. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and ready-to-eat garlic products: In vitro antioxidant activity. Anal Meth 2009; 115(1):371–374.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Amagase H. Clarifying the real bioactive constituents of garlic. J Nutr 2006; 136:716S–725S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Chung LY. The antioxidant properties of garlic compounds: Allyl cysteine, alliin, allicin and allyl disulfide. J Med Food 2006; 9:205–213.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Ichikawa M, Yoshida J, Ide N et al. Tetrahydro-b-carboline derivatives in aged garlic extract show antioxidant properties. J Nutrit 2006; 136:726S–731S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Ryu K, Ide N, Matsuura H et al. N Alpha-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-L-arginine, an antioxidant compound identified in aged garlic extract. J Nutr 2001; 131:972S–976S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Corzo-Martinez M, Corzo N, Villamiel M. Biological properties of onions and garlic. Trends Food Sci Tech 2007; 18:609–625.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Josling P. Preventing the common cold with a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo controlled survey. Adv Ther 2001; 18(4):189–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Takasu J, Uykimpang R, Sunga M et al. Aged garlic extract therapy for sickle cell anemia patients. BMC Blood Disord 2002; 2(1):3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Gardner CD, Messina M, Lawson LD et al. Soy, garlic and ginkgo biloba: their potential role in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2003; 5(6):468–475.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Rahman K, Lowe GM. Garlic and cardiovascular disease: A critical review. J Nutr 2006; 136:736S–740S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Schulz V, Hansel R, Tyler V et al. Rational phytotherapy: A physician’s guide, 5th ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004; 128–138.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  68. Ito Y, Ito M, Takagi N et al. Neurotoxicity induced by amyloid beta-peptide and ibotenic acid in organotypic hippocampal cultures: protection by S-allyl-L-cysteine, a garlic compound. Brain Res 2003; 985(1):98–107.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Peng Q, Buzzard AR, Lau BH. Neuroprotective effect of garlic compounds in amyloidbeta peptide-induced apoptosis in vitro. Med Sci Monit 2002; 8:328–337.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Pedraza-Chaverri J, Yam-Canul P, Chirino YI et al. Protective effects of garlic powder against potassium dichromate-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:619–627.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kabasakal L, Sehirli O, Cetinel S et al. Protective effect of aqueous garlic extract against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Med Food 2005; 8:319–326.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Chowdhury R, Dutta A, Chaudhuri SR et al. In vitro and in vivo reduction of sodium arsenite induced toxicity by aqueous garlic extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:740–751.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Nasim SA, Dhir B, Samar F et al. Sulphur treatment alters the therapeutic potency of alliin obtained from garlic leaf extract. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:888–892.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Salman H, Bergman M, Bessler H et al. Effect of a garlic derivative (alliin) on peripheral blood cell immune responses. Int J Immunopharmacol 1999; 21(9):589–597.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Kim JW, Kyung KH. Antiyeast activity of heated garlic in the absence of alliinase enzyme action. J Food Sci 2006; 68(5): 1766–1770.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Kuettner EB, Hilgenfeld R, Weiss MS. The active principle of garlic at atomic resolution. J Biol Chem 2002; 277(48):46402–46407.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Oommen S, Anto RJ, Srinivas G et al. Allicin (from garlic) induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells. European Pharmacol 2004; 485:97–103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Miron T, Wilchek M, Sharp A et al. Allicin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway in HL60 and U937 cells. J Nutrit Biochem 2008; 19:524–535.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Okada Y, Tanaka K, Sato E et al. Kinetic and mechanistic studies of allicin as an antioxidant. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:4113–4117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Yamada Y, Azuma K. Evaluation of the in vitro antifungal activity of allicin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother 1997; 11:743–749.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Jiang XW, Hu J, Mian FI. A new therapeutic candidate for oral aphthous ulcer: Allicin. Med Hypoth 2008; 71:897–899.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Gonen A, Harats D, Rabinkov A et al. The antiatherogenic effect of allicin: possible mode of action. Pathobiology 2005; 72:325–334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Li M, Ciu JR, Ye Y et al. Antitumor activity of Z-ajoene, a natural compound purified from garlic: antimitotic and microtubule-interaction properties. Carcinogenesis 2002; 23(4):573–579.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Shimon LJW, Rabinkov A, Miron T et al. Alliin lyase (alliinase) from garlic (Allium sativum): crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization. Acta Cryst 2002; 58:1335–1337.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kuettner EB, Hilgenfeld R, Weiss MS. Purification, characterization and crystallization of alliinase from garlic. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002; 402(2):192–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Smeets K, Van Damme M, Van Leuven F et al. Isolation and characterization of lectins and lectin-alliinase complexes from bulbs of garlic (Allium sativum) and ramsons (Allium ursinum). Glycoconjugate J 1997; 14:331–343.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Lawson LD, Wang JZ. Low allicin release from garlic supplements: a major problem due to the sensitivities of alliinase activity. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49:2592–2599.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Li Y, Xu SY, Sun DW. Preparation of garlic powder with high allicin content by using combined microwave-vacuum and vacuum drying as well as microencapsulation. J Food Engin 2007; 83(1):76–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Ayala-Zavala JF, Soto-Valdez H, Gonzalez-Leon A et al. Microencapsulation of cinnamon leaf (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and garlic (Allium sativum) oils in β-cyclodextrin. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 2008; 60(3–4):359–368.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Gibbs BF, Kermasha S, Alli I et al. Encapsulation in the food industry: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutrit 1999; 50:213–224.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Becker TA, Kipke DR, Brandon T. Calcium alginate gel: a biocompatible and mechanically stable polymer for endovascular embolization. J Biomed Mater Res 2001; 54(1):76–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Orive G, Ponce S, Hernandez RM et al. Biocompatibility of microcapsules for cell immobilization elaborated with different type of alginates. Biomaterials 2002; 23(18):3825–3831.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Li B, He J, Evans DG et al. Enteric-coated layered double hydroxides as a controlled release drug delivery system. Int J Pharm 2004; 287(1–2):89–95.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Choy JH, Park M, Oh JM. Bio-nanohybrids based on layered double hydroxide. Curr Nanosci 2006; 2(3):275–281.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Crepaldi EL, Valim JB. Layered double hydroxides: Structure, synthesis, properties and applications. Quim Nova 1998; 21:300–311.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Trikeriotis M, Ghanotakis DF. Intercalation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic antibiotics in layered double hydroxides. Int J Pharm 2007; 332(1–2):176–184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Kantonis G, Trikeriotis M, Ghanotakis DF. Biocompatible protoporphyrin IX-containing nanohybrids with potential applications in photodynamic therapy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007; 185(1):62–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Choy JH, Kwak SY, Jeong YJ et al. Inorganic layered double hydroxides as nonviral vectors. Angew Chem Int Ed 2000; 39:4041–4045.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Sankalia MG, Mashru RC, Sankalia JM et al. Papain entrapment in alginate beads for stability improvement and site-specific delivery: Physicochemical characterization and factorial optimization using neural network modeling. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2005; 6(2):E209–E222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. Orive G, Hernandez RM, Gascon AR et al. Encapsulation of cells in alginate gels. In Guisan JM, ed. Methods in biotechnology. Immobilization of enzymes and cells, 2nd ed. Totowa: Humana Press, 2006; 22:345–355.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, PO Box 2208, 71003, Voutes-Heraklion, Greece

    Eleftherios Touloupakis

Authors
  1. Eleftherios Touloupakis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Demetrios F. Ghanotakis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Crystallography, Department of Agrofood and Department of Molecular Design, National Council of Research, Area of Research of Rome, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy

    Maria Teresa Giardi PhD  & Giuseppina Rea PhD  & 

  2. Institute of General Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Sciences Applied to Biosystems, DISMAB, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Bruno Berra PhD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Touloupakis, E., Ghanotakis, D.F. (2010). Nutraceutical Use of Garlic Sulfur-Containing Compounds. In: Giardi, M.T., Rea, G., Berra, B. (eds) Bio-Farms for Nutraceuticals. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 698. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7347-4_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation