Abstract
Plain orifice, or “pressure atomizers” are the most commonly used atomizers due primarily to their simplicity and ease of manufacture. This chapter provides background on the characteristics of these devices in terms of spray production and general behavior. Classical linear theories are reviewed to provide a basis for theoretical droplet size predictions. More recent developments assessing the unsteadiness within these devices, and its role in spray production, is also provided in subsequent discussion. The chapter closes with modern nonlinear simulations of spray production using modern numerical techniques.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
A. Lefebvre, Atomization and Sprays, Hemisphere Publishing, New York, 1989.
A. Lichtarowicz, R. K. Duggins, and E. Markland, Discharge coefficients for incompressible non-cavitating flow through long orifices, Journal of mechanical Engineering Science, 7(2), 210–219, 1965.
T. R. Ohrn, Senser, D. W., and Lefebvre, A. H., Geometrical effects on discharge coefficients for plain orifice atomizers, Atomization and Sprays, 1(2), 137–157, 1991.
V.I. Asihmin, Geller, Z. I., and Skobel’cyn, Yu. A., Discharge of a real fluid from cylindrical orifices (in Russian), Oil Industry, Vol. 9, Moscow, 1961.
W. S. Rayleigh, On the instability of jets, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc., 10(4), 1878.
C. Weber, Zum Zerfall Eines Flussigkeitsstrahles, Z. Angew. Math. Mech., 11, 138–245, 1931.
N. N. Mansour and T. T. Lundgren, Satellite formation in capillary jet breakup, Phys. Fluids, 2, 1141–1144, 1990.
J. H. Hilbing, S. D. Heister, and C. A. Spangler, A boundary element method for atomization of a finite liquid jet, Atomization Sprays, 5(6), 621–638, 1995.
C. A. Spangler, J. H. Hilbing, and S. D. Heister, Nonlinear modeling of jet atomization in the wind-induced regime, Phys. Fluids, 7, 964, 1995.
M. P. Moses, Collicott, S. H., and Heister, S. D., Visualization of liquid jet breakup and drop formation, Atomization Sprays, 9(4), 331–342, 1999.
J. H. Hilbing and Heister, S. D., Droplet size control in liquid jet breakup, Phys. Fluids, 8(6), 1574–1581, 1996.
V. G. Levich, Physicochemical Hydrodynamics, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp. 639–646, 1962.
A. M. Sterling and C. A. Sleicher, The instability of capillary jets, J. Fluid Mech., 68(3), 477–495, 1975.
R. D. Reitz and F. V. Bracco, Mechanism of atomization of a liquid jet, Phys. Fluids, 25(10), 1730–1742, 1982.
S. P. Lin, Two types of linear theories for atomizing liquids, Atomization Sprays, 16, 147–158, 2006.
S. P. Lin and Z.W. Wang, Three types of linear theories for atomizing liquids, Atomization Sprays, 18, 273–286, 2007.
J. W. Hoyt and J. J. Taylor, Waves on water jets, J. Fluid Mech., 83, 119–127, 1977.
J. W. Hoyt and J. J. Taylor, Turbulence structure in a water jet discharging in the air, Phys. Fluids, 20(10), s253–s257, 1977.
J. W. Hoyt and J. J. Taylor, Effect of nozzle boundary layer on water jets discharging in the air, Jets Cavities-Int. Symp., pp. 93–100, 1985.
M. J. McCarthy and N. A. Molloy, Review of stability of liquid jets and the influence of nozzle design, Chem. Eng. J., 7, 1–20, 1974.
V. Y. Shkadov, Wave formation on surface of viscous liquid due to tangential stress, Fluid Dyn., 5, 473–476, 1970.
C. Brennen, Cavity surface wave patterns and general appearance, J. Fluid Mech., 44(1), 33–49, 1970.
H. Park and S. D. Heister, A numerical study of primary instability on viscous high-speed jets, Comput. Fluids, 35, 1033–1045, 2006.
G. A. Blaisdell, Collicott, S. H., and Portillo J. E., Measurements of instability waves in a high-speed liquid jet, 61st Conference of the American Physical Society, Division of Fluid Dynamics, San Antonio TX, 2008.
S. S. Yoon and S. D. Heister, Categorizing linear theories for atomizing jets, Atomization Sprays, 13, 499–516, 2003.
J. H. Hilbing and S. D. Heister, Nonlinear simulation of a high-speed, viscous, liquid jet, Atomization Sprays, 8, 155–178, 1997.
S. S. Yoon, and S. D. Heister, A nonlinear atomization model based on a boundary layer instability mechanism, Phys. Fluids, 16(1), 47–61, 2004.
P. K. Wu and G. M. Faeth. Aerodynamic effects on primary breakup of turbulent liquids, Atomization Sprays, 3, 265–289, 1993.
P. K. Wu, L. K. Tseng, and G. M. Faeth. Primary breakup in gas/liquid mixing layers for turbulent liquids. Atomization Sprays, 2, 295–317, 1992.
Ph. Marmottant and E. Villermaux, On spray formation, J. Fluid Mech., 498, 73–111, 2004.
C. Xu, R. A. Bunnell, and S. D. Heister, On the influence of internal flow structure on performance of plain-orifice atomizers, Atomization Sprays, 11, 335–350, 2001.
M. MacDonald, J. Canino, and S. Heister, Nonlinear response functions for drilled orifice injectors, 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 2006. AIAA-2006-4706.
J. Canino and Heister, S. D., Contributions of orifice hydrodynamic instabilities to primary atomization, Atomization Sprays, V19, 91–102, 2009.
J. Ponstein. Instability of rotating cylindrical jets, Appl. Sci. Res., 8(6), 425–456, 1959.
J. Tsohas, J. Canino, and S. Heister, Computational modeling of rocket internal flows, 43nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 2007. AIAA-2007-5571.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer US
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Heister, S.D. (2011). Plain Orifice Spray Nozzles. In: Ashgriz, N. (eds) Handbook of Atomization and Sprays. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7264-4_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7264-4_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7263-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7264-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)