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Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases pp 553–567Cite as

Viral Hepatitis B

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Part of the book series: Molecular Pathology Library ((MPLB,volume 5))

Abstract

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most important etiologic agent of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. This is remarkable, considering that the virus consists of a DNA genome that is only 3.2 kb in size and encodes proteins from only four open reading frames (ORFs), all of which are located on the same DNA strand of the virus [1]. There are several morphological forms of HBV in the blood of infected patients. Most common is the small, spherical form, which is roughly 22 nm in diameter, and consists mainly of the hepatitis B surface antigen, or HBs envelope polypeptides embedded in the host-derived lipid membrane, derived from the infected cell. Less common are the variably long filamentous forms of HBs, which are also 22 nm in diameter, and have been found in the serum of infected patients. These forms are devoid of virus nucleic acid and are noninfectious, but are often present at very high concentrations. The virion of HBV, or Dane particle, is about 42 nm in diameter, is present in much lower concentrations than the subviral HBs particles mentioned above, and also consists of an envelope containing HBs polypeptides [2]. All HBs particles contain the major HBs protein and glycoprotein in roughly equal amounts, but virions also contain smaller quantities of HBs related polypeptides encoded by surface antigen plus adjacent upstream “preS” sequences encoded by the same ORF [1]. These so called preS/S polypeptides contain the virus-encoded receptor for infection, although the corresponding host-encoded receptor for HBV remains to be identified.

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  1. Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Mark A. Feitelson

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  1. Mark A. Feitelson
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    Satdarshan P. S. Monga

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Feitelson, M.A., Arzumanyan, A., Reis, H.M.G.P.V., Clayton, M.M., Sun, B.S., Lian, Z. (2011). Viral Hepatitis B. In: Monga, S. (eds) Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases. Molecular Pathology Library, vol 5. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7107-4_37

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