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Glutamate and Glutamine in Brain Disorders

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Neurochemical Mechanisms in Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 1))

Abstract

Diseases of the brain account for much human suffering and place a huge burden on the health care systems. Thus, research into the pathology of brain diseases and improved pharmacotherapy is of significant value. In this respect, knowledge on malfunctions of metabolic homeostasis related to the neurotransmission process is still limited. As evident from this chapter, failure of the metabolic homeostasis of the two amino acids of major importance, namely glutamate and glutamine, is a hallmark of a wide range of both neurological and psychiatric diseases. This chapter deals with representative brain diseases as well as the methodology of research related to metabolism. In addition, future need for research and potential new targets for pharmacotherapy are discussed.

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Abbreviations

EAAT:

Excitatory amino acid transporter

GABA:

γ-Aminobutyric acid

GDH:

Glutamate dehydrogenase

GS:

Glutamine synthetase

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MSA:

Multiple system atrophy

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

NMRS:

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

3-NPA:

3-Nitropropionic acid

PAG:

Phosphate-activated glutaminase

TCA:

Tricarboxylic acid

VGLUT:

Vesicular glutamate transporter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Lasse K. Bak, Arne Schousboe & Helle S. Waagepetersen

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  1. Lasse K. Bak
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  2. Arne Schousboe
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  3. Helle S. Waagepetersen
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Correspondence to Arne Schousboe .

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  1. Burke Rehabilitation Center, Mamaroneck Ave. 785, White Plains, 10605, New York, USA

    John P. Blass

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Bak, L.K., Schousboe, A., Waagepetersen, H.S. (2011). Glutamate and Glutamine in Brain Disorders. In: Blass, J. (eds) Neurochemical Mechanisms in Disease. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7104-3_7

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