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Genetic Signaling in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): A Current Overview

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Neurochemical Mechanisms in Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 1))

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Abstract

Cancers of the brain comprise a genetically and morphologically heterogeneous class of proliferating neural cells derived from incompletely differentiated brain tumor stem cells (BTSCs). The molecular and genetic mechanisms that contribute to their development and propagation are incompletely understood, however, current research is expanding our knowledge as to what specific gene activation and deactivation mechanisms are triggered during the onset of brain cell neoplasia. Apparently, only relatively small populations of BTSCs are capable of driving the proliferative and invasive nature of these cancers, and the intrinsic ability to reinitiate and propagate aberrant cell growth at any metabolic cost. This chapter provides a current overview of gene expression patterns in glioma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), with special emphasis on messenger RNA (mRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) speciation and abundance, and how our recent understanding of specific mRNA–miRNA interactions have increased our comprehension of this insidious neoplastic process.

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Abbreviations

Aβ peptides:

amyloid beta peptides

ATCC:

American tissue culture collection

Bapp:

beta amyloid precursor protein

BDC:

brain differentiated cell

BTSC:

brain tumor stem cell

CD133:

neuronal precursor cell surface marker prominin-1

CDKN2A:

cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A

CRL-1690:

an experimental glioblastoma (GBM) cell line; also known as T98G (ATCC)

EGFR:

epidermal growth factor receptor

NBSCs:

normal brain stem cells

GBM:

glioblastoma multiforme

HTB-138:

an experimental glioma cell line; also known as Hs683 (ATCC)

LOH:

loss of heterozygosity

MBAD:

metal-based anticancer drugs

miRNA:

micro RNA

mRNA:

messenger RNA

NHA:

normal human astrocytes

NPX2:

neuronal pentraxin-2

NSC:

neural stem cell

NV:

neovascularization

PDGFα:

platelet-derived growth factor-alpha

PDGFR:

platelet-derived growth factor receptor

Rb:

retinoblastoma

SAP:

serum amyloid P component

TMZ:

temozolomide

VEGF:

vascular endothelial growth factor

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Acknowledgments

The work in this manuscript was supported by a Translational Research Initiative (TRI) Grant entitled “Gene expression patterns in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)” by the Louisiana State University Board of Regents.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LSU Neuroscience Center of Excellence, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Walter J. Lukiw

  2. LSU Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA

    Frank Culicchia

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  1. Walter J. Lukiw
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  2. Frank Culicchia
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Correspondence to Walter J. Lukiw .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Burke Rehabilitation Center, Mamaroneck Ave. 785, White Plains, 10605, New York, USA

    John P. Blass

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Lukiw, W.J., Culicchia, F. (2011). Genetic Signaling in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM): A Current Overview. In: Blass, J. (eds) Neurochemical Mechanisms in Disease. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7104-3_24

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