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Sarcoidosis

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Challenging Cases in Pulmonology

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Abstract

Sarcoidosis is a common, multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown cause. The disease occurs worldwide, frequently affects young adults, and presents with bilateral hilar adenopathy, pulmonary infiltrates, uveitis, skin lesions, hypercalcemia, and hepatic granulomas. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on the presence of typical multisystem clinical and radiographic features with histologic evidence of non-caseating granulomas in the affected tissue. Natural course of sarcoidosis varies with type of the disease: Acute sarcoidosis with erythema nodosum, uveitis, and bilateral hilar adenopathy clears with in a period of 12–18 months, particularly in the Caucasian patients; chronic disease with pulmonary infiltrate/fibrosis, lupus pernio, bone-cysts, nephrocalcinosis, chronic uveitis, and upper airway disease pursues an indolent course and respond minimally to treatment. Since the cause of sarcoidosis is not known; there is no specific cure for it. Corticosteroids are effective mode of therapy to suppress granulomatous inflammation, but they do not change the disease course.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Massoud Mahmoudi D.O., Ph.D., FACOI, FACP, FCCP, FAAAAI

  2. Department of Medicine, School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, NJ, USA

    Massoud Mahmoudi D.O., Ph.D., FACOI, FACP, FCCP, FAAAAI

  3. Department of Medicine, San Francisco College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA

    Massoud Mahmoudi D.O., Ph.D., FACOI, FACP, FCCP, FAAAAI

  4. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA

    Om P. Sharma M.D., FRCP, Master FCCP

  5. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, LAC + USC Medical Center, Room 718/IRD, 2020 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA

    Om P. Sharma M.D., FRCP, Master FCCP

Authors
  1. Massoud Mahmoudi D.O., Ph.D., FACOI, FACP, FCCP, FAAAAI
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  2. Om P. Sharma M.D., FRCP, Master FCCP
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Om P. Sharma M.D., FRCP, Master FCCP .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 812 Pollard Rd. Suite #5, Los Gatos, 95032, California, USA

    Massoud Mahmoudi

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Mahmoudi, M., Sharma, O.P. (2012). Sarcoidosis. In: Mahmoudi, M. (eds) Challenging Cases in Pulmonology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7098-5_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7098-5_15

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-7097-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-7098-5

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