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Large-Scale Vaccination for the Control of Avian Influenza: Epidemiological and Financial Implications

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Book cover Health and Animal Agriculture in Developing Countries

Part of the book series: Natural Resource Management and Policy ((NRMP,volume 36))

Abstract

Since its emergence in 1996 in China, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has infected 61 countries, caused more than 300 human fatalities, and resulted in disease mortality and culling of several hundred million domestic birds. In most of the affected countries, the H5N1 virus could be eliminated through swift and determined interventions of national animal health systems. In some countries, however, the virus appears to have become endemic in specific eco and production systems, leading to resurgence of infection in poultry and humans the moment control efforts are relaxed. The countries in which HPAI H5N1 virus can currently be considered endemic comprise Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Indonesia, and Vietnam as well as the Indian State of West Bengal (FAO in press).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    DIVA: Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals, i.e., vaccinated birds can be distinguished from (vaccinated and subsequently) infected birds.

  2. 2.

    “Routine vaccination” was successfully used for the eradication of other transboundary diseases such as Rinderpest in Africa (Normile 2008) and FMD in parts of South-America (Melo 2002).

  3. 3.

    It should be noted that the delivery of a second shot is a challenge due to the difficult accessibility of scavenging ducks in rice paddies and will require significantly higher vaccinator time inputs for traveling and catching ducks.

  4. 4.

    (300) birds per day and vaccinator assumed in backyard systems and 500 (500) birds per day and vaccinator assumed in broiler and layer systems in Indonesia (Vietnam).

  5. 5.

    Theoretically close to 50% of all vaccinated broilers have been replaced by nonvaccinated birds in the 60 days required by the Vietnamese animal health system to conduct one national vaccination campaign.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Animal Health Economist, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO-RAP), 39 Phra Atit Road, Bangkok, 10200, Thailand

    Jan Hinrichs

  2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy

    Joachim Otte

Authors
  1. Jan Hinrichs
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  2. Joachim Otte
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Correspondence to Jan Hinrichs .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. College of Natural Resources, Dept. Agricultural & Resource Economics, University of California, Berkeley, Giannini Hall 206, Berkeley, 94720-3310, California, USA

    David Zilberman

  2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, 00100, Italy

    Joachim Otte

  3. , Department of Agricultural and Resource, University of California, Giannini Hall 207, Berkeley, 94720-3310, USA

    David Roland-Holst

  4. , Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom

    Dirk Pfeiffer

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Hinrichs, J., Otte, J. (2012). Large-Scale Vaccination for the Control of Avian Influenza: Epidemiological and Financial Implications. In: Zilberman, D., Otte, J., Roland-Holst, D., Pfeiffer, D. (eds) Health and Animal Agriculture in Developing Countries. Natural Resource Management and Policy, vol 36. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7077-0_12

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