Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Principles and Practice of Geriatric Surgery pp 493–496Cite as

Diabetes in the Elderly

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 1647 Accesses

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin [1]. Type 2 diabetes is the most common chronic metabolic disease in the elderly, affecting ∼30 ­million individuals 65 years of age or older in developed countries [2]. It is estimated that approximately 40% of ­people over the age of 65 have diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) [3, 4] (Fig. 39.1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus (2003) Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 26(Suppl 1): S5–S20

    Google Scholar 

  2. King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH (1998) Global burden of diabetes, 1995–2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 21(9):1414–1431

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Singh I, Marshall MC Jr (1995) Diabetes mellitus in the elderly. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 24(2):255–272

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Harris MI (1993) Undiagnosed NIDDM: clinical and public health issues. Diabetes Care 16(4):642–652

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Sasaki A, Suzuki T, Horiuchi N (1982) Development of diabetes in Japanese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: a seven year follow-up study. Diabetologia 22(3):154–157

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Saad MF, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Nelson RG, Mott DM, Bennett PH (1989) Sequential changes in serum insulin concentration during development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet 1(8651):1356–1359

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Petersen KF, Befroy D, Dufour S et al (2003) Mitochondrial dysfunction in the elderly: possible role in insulin resistance. Science 300(5622):1140–1142

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Savage DB, Petersen KF, Shulman GI (2007) Disordered lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Physiol Rev 87(2):507–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Dresner A, Laurent D, Marcucci M et al (1999) Effects of free fatty acids on glucose transport and IRS-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity. J Clin Invest 103(2):253–259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yu C, Chen Y, Cline GW et al (2002) Mechanism by which fatty acids inhibit insulin activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1)-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in muscle. J Biol Chem 277(52):50230–50236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Savage DB, Petersen KF, Shulman GI (2005) Mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans and possible links with inflammation. Hypertension 45(5):828–833

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Krssak M, Falk Petersen K, Dresner A et al (1999) Intramyocellular lipid concentrations are correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans: a 1H NMR spectroscopy study. Diabetologia 42(1):113–116

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Petersen KF, Dufour S, Feng J et al (2006) Increased prevalence of insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian-Indian men. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103(48):18273–18277

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Schenk S, Saberi M, Olefsky JM (2008) Insulin sensitivity: modulation by nutrients and inflammation. J Clin Invest 118(9): 2992–3002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Petersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, Garcia R, Shulman GI (2004) Impaired mitochondrial activity in the insulin-resistant offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 350(7):664–671

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Perseghin G, Price TB, Petersen KF et al (1996) Increased glucose transport-phosphorylation and muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise training in insulin-resistant subjects. N Engl J Med 335(18):1357–1362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chang AM, Halter JB (2003) Aging and insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284(1):E7–E12

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. American Diabetes Association (2008) Standards of medical care in diabetes – 2008. Diabetes Care 31(Suppl 1):S12–S54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP et al (2008) Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 358(24):2545–2559

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Conley KE, Marcinek DJ, Villarin J (2007) Mitochondrial dysfunction and age. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 10(6):688–692

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hawley JA, Lessard SJ (2008) Exercise training-induced improvements in insulin action. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 192(1):127–135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. LeBlanc J, Nadeau A, Richard D, Tremblay A (1981) Studies on the sparing effect of exercise on insulin requirements in human subjects. Metabolism 30(11):1119–1124

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Gerich JE (1989) Oral hypoglycemic agents. N Engl J Med 321(18):1231–1245

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Hundal RS, Krssak M, Dufour S et al (2000) Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 49(12):2063–2069

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fonseca VA, Valiquett TR, Huang SM, Ghazzi MN, Whitcomb RW (1998) Troglitazone monotherapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, controlled study. The Troglitazone Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83(9):3169–3176

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Petersen KF, Krssak M, Inzucchi S, Cline GW, Dufour S, Shulman GI (2000) Mechanism of troglitazone action in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 49(5):827–831

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Mayerson AB, Hundal RS, Dufour S et al (2002) The effects of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, and hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride content in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 51(3):797–802

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Nissen SE, Wolski K (2007) Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 356(24):2457–2471

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Misbin RI (2007) Lessons from the Avandia controversy: a new paradigm for the development of drugs to treat type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 30(12):3141–3144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Faich GA, Moseley RH (2001) Troglitazone (Rezulin) and hepatic injury. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 10(6):537–547

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Holst JJ, Vilsboll T, Deacon CF (2009) The incretin system and its role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Cell Endocrinol 297(1–2): 127–136

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim W, Egan JM (2008) The role of incretins in glucose homeostasis and diabetes treatment. Pharmacol Rev 60(4):470–512

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Abbatecola AM, Maggi S, Paolisso G (2008) New approaches to treating type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly: role of incretin therapies. Drugs Aging 25(11):913–925

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Choy M, Lam S (2007) Sitagliptin: a novel drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Cardiol Rev 15(5):264–271

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Morley JE, Kaiser FE (1990) Unique aspects of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med 6(4):693–702

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, 208020, New Haven, CT, 06520-8020, USA

    Klara Rosenquist

Authors
  1. Klara Rosenquist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kitt F. Petersen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Klara Rosenquist .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, Connecticut, USA

    Ronnie Ann Rosenthal

  2. Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Clarkson Ave. 450, Brooklyn, 11203, New York, USA

    Michael E. Zenilman

  3. , Chairman, Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital, 2401 West Belvedere Avenue, Baltimore, 21215, Maryland, USA

    Mark R. Katlic

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rosenquist, K., Petersen, K.F. (2011). Diabetes in the Elderly. In: Rosenthal, R., Zenilman, M., Katlic, M. (eds) Principles and Practice of Geriatric Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6999-6_39

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6999-6_39

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-6998-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-6999-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation