Abstract
Feedback from the RC and EMIC waves to the ionosphere–magnetosphere coupled system is tremendous. The RC energy source is very important to the energetics of the thermal plasma environment in the subauroral, the mid-latitude and even the equatorial ionosphere. The energy stored in this region is comparable to that stored in the particle reservoir in the plasma sheet. The slow release (timescales of hours to days) of this energy via charge-exchange, Coulomb drag, and wave–particle interaction processes produces very different effects on the ionospheric thermal plasma background than the dramatic rapid releases of energy from the magnetotail into the auroral regions. Space observation shows that EMIC wave-induced pitch-angle diffusion of megaelectron volt electrons can operate in the strong diffusion limit with a timescale of several hours to a day. This scattering mechanism is now considered to be one of the most important means of relativistic electron loss during the initial and main phases of a magnetic storm. It essentially couples the research of the outer radiation belt with studies of the RC, EMIC waves, and plasmasphere systems.
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Khazanov, G.V. (2011). Kinetic Theory of Ring Current and Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Waves: Applications. In: Kinetic Theory of the Inner Magnetospheric Plasma. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 372. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6797-8_10
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