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Intermediate Filament Interactions in Neurons

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Cytoskeleton of the Nervous System

Part of the book series: Advances in Neurobiology ((NEUROBIOL,volume 3))

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Abstract

Intermediate filament (IF) proteins constitute a unique part of the cytoskeleton and are present in high abundance in tissues such as skin, muscle, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. In general, their properties suggest that IFs play important roles in maintaining the mechanical stability of tissues undergoing severe mechanical stress. However, the lack of cytoplasmic IFs in the nervous system of some animals and the lack of phenotype in genetic knockouts for various neuronal IFs indicate that IFs may not be absolutely necessary for basic neuronal development and function. Rather, adaptive roles may be a primary importance for IF networks in neurons and other cell types. IFs are integrated with the actin and microtubule networks via structural cross-linking proteins and via signalling mechanisms. Structural proteins linking the IF network also connect it to the plasma membrane and to organelles, including the nucleus. Within the nucleus, IFs play a ubiquitously important role in structuring the nuclear envelope and help to regulate gene expression. Nuclear IF protein function is mediated through interactions with both large structural proteins and small regulatory proteins. This chapter will focus on how IF networks are interconnected to their surrounding environment, and how interactions of IFs in neurons may aid in adaptation of the cell. We will also discuss how IF networks are related to neurological disease etiology, and how IF interacting proteins may play a role in causing disease.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Venkat Rao for providing us electron microscope images used in Fig. 17.2. R.K. is funded by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada

    Kevin G. Young

  2. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada

    Rashmi Kothary

  3. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Rashmi Kothary

  4. Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Rashmi Kothary

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  1. Kevin G. Young
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Correspondence to Rashmi Kothary .

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  1. Psychiatric Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, 10962, New York, USA

    Ralph A. Nixon

  2. Psychiatric Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, 10962, New York, USA

    Aidong Yuan

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Young, K.G., Kothary, R. (2011). Intermediate Filament Interactions in Neurons. In: Nixon, R., Yuan, A. (eds) Cytoskeleton of the Nervous System. Advances in Neurobiology, vol 3. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6787-9_17

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