Abstract
The neuromuscular diseases can be defined as those which affect the lower motor neuron (anterior horn cell, AHC), roots and root ganglia, plexus, nerves, neuromuscular junction and muscle. This covers an immense array of illnesses: degenerative, genetic, immune, infectious, metabolic, neoplastic, nutritional, paraneoplastic, traumatic, toxic, and vasculitic. Clearly, a thorough review is neither possible nor intended. An approach to patients with these disorders will be outlined with the major emphasis placed on the history and neurologic examination. The method used herein will be case presentations followed by case analysis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsBibliography
Bird SJ, Rich MM. Neuromuscular complications of critical illness. Neurologist. 2000;6:2–11.
Chusid JG. Correlative neuroanatomy and functional neurology. 15th ed. Los Altos, CA: Lang Medical; 1973.
Engel WK, Askanas V. Inclusion body myositis. Neurology. 2006;66 Suppl 1:520–9.
Karpati G, Hilton-Jones D, Bushby K, Griggs RC. Disorders of voluntary muscle. 8th ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2010.
Nicolle MW. Myasthenia gravis. Neurologist. 2002;8:2–21.
Pourmand R, editor. Neurologic clinics. In: Acquired neuromuscular diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 1997.
Rider LG, Miller FW. Deciphering the clinical presentations, pathogenesis, and treatment of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. JAMA. 2011;305:183–90.
Ropper AH, Gorson KC. Neuropathies associated with paraproteinemia. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1601–7.
Rosenbaum R. Neuromuscular complications of connective tissue disease. Muscle Nerve. 2001;24:154–69.
Ruts L, Drenthen J, Jacobs BC, Van Doorn PA. Distinguishing acute onset CIDP from fluctuating Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neurology. 2010;74: 1680–6.
Selim MH. Neurologic aspects of thyroid disease. Neurologist. 2001;7:135–46.
Stewart JD. Focal peripheral neuropathies. New York, NY: Elsevier; 1987.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Appendix
Appendix
Screening evaluation for an idiopathic neuropathy |
CBC |
BUN, creatinine |
Liver functions |
Calcium, phosphorus |
Free T-4, TSH |
ANA |
B12 level |
ESR |
Rheumatoid factor |
Serum protein electrophoresis |
Review of occupational exposure to toxic agents and social history |
Review of family history |
Neuropathy with prominent dysautonomia |
Diabetes |
Amyloidosis |
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy |
Paraneoplastic sensory and autonomic polyganglionopathy |
Acute pandysautonomia |
Demyelinating neuropathies |
Guillain–Barré syndrome |
Porphyria |
HIV |
Toxic drugs. Amiodarone, vincristine, and cisplatin |
Toxic substances. N-hexane, arsenic, mercury, and thallium |
Guillain–Barré syndrome (AIDP) |
CIDP |
Osteosclerotic myeloma |
MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance) |
Hereditary susceptibility to pressure palsies |
Hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy, types 1 and 3 |
Type 1 CMT 1 Charcot–Marie–Tooth |
Type 3 CMT 3 Déjérine–Sottas disease |
Most common toxic neuropathies |
Amiodarone |
Phenytoin |
Cisplatin |
Vincristine |
Isoniazid |
Chloroquine |
Thalidomide |
Nitrofurantoin |
Vitamin B6 |
Metronidazole |
Taxols |
Colchicine |
Multiple mononeuropathies |
Sarcoidosis |
Vasculitis |
Leprosy |
Lyme disease |
HIV |
Cryoglobulinemia |
Multifocal motor conduction block neuropathy |
Diabetes |
Neurofibromatosis |
Hereditary susceptibility to pressure palsies |
Case discussions related to anatomic site of pathology |
Anterior horn cell. Cases 13, 22 |
Radiculopathy. Cases 1, 7, 30 |
Plexus. Cases 2, 18, 19 |
Neuropathy. Cases 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 15, 17, 20, 22, 23, 24–29, 31 |
Neuromuscular junction. Cases 12, 16 |
Myopathy. Cases 6, 10, 16, 21, 23, 24, 33 |
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alpert, J.N. (2012). Neuromuscular Diseases: Neuroanatomic and Differential Diagnoses. In: The Neurologic Diagnosis. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6724-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6724-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-6723-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-6724-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)