Abstract
Figure 1.1 shows trends in failure cause with transition of technology. In the industrial history, the major failure modes were permanent fault, malfunction of electronic parts caused by electric and physical stress, and worn-out. As for one of the first computers in the history of electronic numerical integrator and computer (ENIAC), people’s eagerness to attain reasonable availability (see Section 5.2.2 for its definition) at that time is well understood [1]. It is said that a couple of vacuum tubes broke weekly, and the availability was 90% with special careful treatment, derating, and keeping the machine turned on. In addition, it is also said that the longest time (not mean time) between failures was 116 h.
Nobuyasu Kanekawa
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References
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Kanekawa, N., Ibe, E.H., Suga, T., Uematsu, Y. (2011). Introduction. In: Dependability in Electronic Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6715-2_1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6715-2_1
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