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Polymer Macro- and Micro-Gel Beads: Fundamentals and Applications pp 255–278Cite as

Beads for Environmental Applications

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Abstract

This chapter focuses on the use of beads to immobilize microorganisms for pollutant biodegradation. Special emphasis is placed on chemically contaminated water, soil, and air. Water treatments are reviewed, and wastewater treatment by anaerobic fixed- bed reactor or using immobilized microorganisms is discussed, along with the more specific examples of arsenic removal from water, chitosan and the removal of heavy metal ions, and water denitrification. The chapter lists the advantages of using encapsulated bacterial cells for soil applications, describes the preparation of such beads, and gives information on the protection of encapsulated cells from environmental stress. Another topic is the use of beads to protect against toxicity, and the related issues of soil treatments, agrochemicals, controlled release of pesticides into soils, and sustained release of fungicide. Because these beads are introduced into soils, a special section is devoted to release from these beads in the soil environment. In addition to discussing the advantages of beads for environmental applications, the chapter tries to account for the limitations of such technologies, such as the problem of substrate diffusion into immobilized preparations. Other covered issues include air pollution and sampling, and the determination of trace contaminants in air by concentration on porous polymer beads. Finally, the chapter discusses miscellaneous applications such as biodegradation and removal by microalgae.

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  1. Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Human Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

    Amos Nussinovitch

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Nussinovitch, A. (2010). Beads for Environmental Applications. In: Polymer Macro- and Micro-Gel Beads: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6618-6_10

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