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The Protein Kinase C Family: Key Regulators Bridging Signaling Pathways in Skin and Tumor Epithelia

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Book cover Post-Translational Modifications in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Protein Reviews ((PRON,volume 13))

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Abstract

Protein kinase C stands for a family of phospholipid binding/dependent serine/threonine kinases consisting of ten members subdivided into three subgroups, classical PKCs (α, βI, βII, γ), novel PKCs (δ, ε, η, θ), and atypical PKCs (ζ, ι/λ), according to specific cofactor requirements. Tissue distribution and cellular compartmentalization imply differential, isoform-specific functions linked to distinct signaling cascades. Thus, certain stimuli can lead to differential responses depending on PKC isoform expression, localization, and phosphorylation status in particular biological settings. Activated by diverse extracellular signals PKCs modify the activities of cellular proteins including receptors, enzymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and transcription factors, playing a central role in signaling networks. Several isoforms participate in the regulation of proliferation, survival and cell death, but also tissue polarity and differentiation. Consequently abnormalities in PKC expression and function have been identified in several cancers. Specifically, initiation of squamous cell carcinomas and their malignant progression is associated with distinct changes in specific PKCs. Besides novel specific inhibitors (also targeting mRNAs), the generation of transgenic and knockout mice has allowed direct functional analyses of individual PKCs. Herein we focus on the role of PKCs largely in skin physiology and malignancy. Based on findings in patients, cell culture and animal models, parallels and discrepancies to other tissues are discussed.

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  1. DGZ, Division B050, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 101949, D-69009, Heidelberg, Germany

    Dirk Breitkreutz

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  1. Dirk Breitkreutz
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  2. Liora Braiman-Wiksman
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  3. Nicole Daum
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  4. Tamar Tennenbaum
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Correspondence to Dirk Breitkreutz .

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  1. Depto. Quimica Inorganica, Universidad Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    Cecilio J. Vidal

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Breitkreutz, D., Braiman-Wiksman, L., Daum, N., Tennenbaum, T. (2011). The Protein Kinase C Family: Key Regulators Bridging Signaling Pathways in Skin and Tumor Epithelia. In: Vidal, C. (eds) Post-Translational Modifications in Health and Disease. Protein Reviews, vol 13. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6382-6_8

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