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Protein Oxidation

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Post-Translational Modifications in Health and Disease

Part of the book series: Protein Reviews ((PRON,volume 13))

Abstract

Protein oxidation is a post-translational modification that can have beneficial or detrimental effects on cells. The interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with proteins leads to their oxidation and ROS may be produced by several different enzymes. The first section of this review examines the major intracellular sources of ROS, with special attention paid to mitochondria and NADPH oxidases. It discusses the different oxidation of amino acid residues with a focus on cysteine oxidation as it is involved in many signaling pathways. Carbonylation and nitrosylation are two other protein modifications that are of particular importance in cellular metabolism. The final section is concerned with the role that protein oxidation plays in disease.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

CF:

Cystic fibrosis

COX:

Cyclooxygenase

DUOX:

Dual oxidase

HO• :

Hydroxyl radical

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

LOX:

Lipoxygenase

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

NO• :

Nitric oxide

NOS:

Nitric oxide synthase

Nox:

NADPH Oxidase

O •−2 :

Superoxide

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

Trx2:

Thioredoxin2

XDH:

Xanthine dehydrogenase

XO:

Xanthine oxidase

XOR:

Xanthine oxidoreductase

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Science Foundation Ireland, Children Leukemia Research Project and the Irish Cancer Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College, Cork, Ireland

    T. G. Cotter

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  1. C. Quiney
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  2. S. Finnegan
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  3. G. Groeger
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  4. T. G. Cotter
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Correspondence to T. G. Cotter .

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  1. Depto. Quimica Inorganica, Universidad Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    Cecilio J. Vidal

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Quiney, C., Finnegan, S., Groeger, G., Cotter, T.G. (2011). Protein Oxidation. In: Vidal, C. (eds) Post-Translational Modifications in Health and Disease. Protein Reviews, vol 13. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6382-6_3

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