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Diffusion-Tensor Imaging and Behavioral Medicine

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Abstract

Historically, the role of white matter in human cognition and behavior has received less attention than that of gray matter (Filley, The Behavioral Neurology of White Matter, 2001). It was not until the 1960s that Geschwind (1926–1984) firmly established the importance of white matter in supporting normal mental activity in his classic work on disconnection syndromes (Geschwind, Brain 88:237–294, 585–644, 1965; Geschwind and Kaplan, Neurology 12:675–685, 1962). Since then, interest in the role of white matter in cognition, emotion, and behavior has grown. By the late 1980s, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was widely adopted for detecting brain disorders. The introduction of diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) in the mid-1990s (Basser, NMR Biomed 8:333–344, 1995; Basser et al., J Magn Reson B 103:247–254, 1994; Basser et al., Biophys J 66:259–267, 1994) provided a new in vivo MRI tool for gaining unprecedented insight into the structure of white matter and its functional correlates. DTI provides information about the structural coherence and topography of biological tissue based on the measurement of rate and direction of water diffusion. DTI is particularly useful in fibrous tissue such as cerebral white matter or muscle where the linear arrangement of cell structures constrains water to diffuse faster along the fibers than in other directions.

* Dr. Correia’s work on this chapter was partly supported by the US Department of Veterans Affairs. The contents of this chapter do not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the USA.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In cerebral white matter, diffusion is about four to seven times faster along axons than across due to the axonal membrane and microtubules and to myelin.12,14

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Kathryn Devlin for her help in preparing the manuscript. The views expressed in this chapter are not those of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Stephen Correia

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  1. Stephen Correia
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  2. Assawin Gongvatana
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Correspondence to Stephen Correia .

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  1. , Dept. Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown Un, Providence, 02912, Rhode Island, USA

    Ronald A. Cohen

  2. Dept. Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown Un, Providence, 02912, Rhode Island, USA

    Lawrence H. Sweet

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Correia, S., Gongvatana, A. (2011). Diffusion-Tensor Imaging and Behavioral Medicine. In: Cohen, R., Sweet, L. (eds) Brain Imaging in Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6373-4_4

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