Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in this country, underlying over 700,000 deaths per year (American Heart Association. Cardiovascular disease statistics: American Heart Association, 2004). CVD prevalence increases dramatically with advanced age, hence significant CVD is present in over 70% of people 75 years of age or older, and is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Western society. 84.7% of people who die of CVD are 65 years of age or older (American Heart Association. Cardiovascular disease statistics: American Heart Association, 2004; Bild et al. J Am Geriatr Soc 41(10):1047–1056, 1993). With improved survival from acute cardiac events, older adults are often faced with the prospect of living with chronic heart disease, including severe CVD. Besides its obvious effects on physical well-being, CVD causes significant psychological, social, and economic hardships (Smith and Mensah Ethn (Dis Summer) 13(2 Suppl 2):S77–S80, 2003; Miller and Missov Cardiol Clin 19(4):547–555, 2001; Rich J Am Geriatr Soc 45(8):968–974, 1997; Haan et al. J Am Geriatr Soc 45(6):667–674, 1997; Mangano J Card Surg 10(4 Suppl):366–368, 1995; Manton World Health Stat Q 41(3–4):255–266, 1988) and contributes to depression and psychiatric problems (Miller and Missov Cardiol Clin 19(4):547–555, 2001; Rich J Am Geriatr Soc 45(8):968–974, 1997; Haan et al. J Am Geriatr Soc 45(6):667–674, 1997; Ayanian et al. JAMA 274(22):1767–1770, 1995; Bastone and Kerns Ann Behav Med 17(4):324–330, 1995; Jones et al. Psychophysiology 22(4):480–487, 1985; Ruberman et al. N Engl J Med 311(9):552–559, 1984; Engebretson et al. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31(Suppl 2):216–223, 1998; Drexler et al. Am Heart J 126(3 Pt 2):761–764, 1993; Polidori et al. Aging (Milano) 13(3):231–239, 2001; Guo et al. J Am Geriatr Soc 45(6):701–705, 1997.
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Cohen, R.A. (2011). Neuroimaging of Cardiovascular Disease. In: Cohen, R., Sweet, L. (eds) Brain Imaging in Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6373-4_15
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