Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Microbiology for the Surgical Pathologist

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Essentials of Anatomic Pathology

Abstract

Patients whose clinical illnesses are difficult to diagnose by clinical means and by microbiologic culture of easily obtainable specimens often undergo invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy, fine needle aspiration, or surgical biopsy procedures which can yield a definitive diagnosis. A summary of clinical presentation, macroscopic and microscopic features with special stains (morphologic findings in histologic sections yielding infectious disease diagnoses of specific infectious disease agents), differential diagnoses, and diagnostic techniques is presented for each organism that is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Suggested Reading

  • Akerlund T, Persson I, Unemo M, Noren T, Svenungsson B, Wullt M, Burman LG. Increased sporulation rate of epidemic Clostridium difficile Type 027/NAP1. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46:1530–1533.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson RF, Tang PW, Fields BS. Evaluation of the Binax and Biotest urinary antigen kits for detection of Legionnaires’ disease due to multiple serogroups and species of Legionella. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:2763–2765.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bisno AL, Brito MO, Collins CM. Molecular basis of group A streptococcal virulence. Lancet Infect Dis 2003;3:191–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradsher RW, Jr. Pulmonary blastomycosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med2008;29:174–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant AE, Bayer CR, Aldape MJ, Wallace RJ, Titball RW, Stevens DL. Clostridium perfringens phospholipase C-induced platelet/leukocyte interactions impede neutrophil diapedesis. J Med Microbiol 2006;55:495–504.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant AE, Chen RY, Nagata Y, Wang Y, Lee CH, Finegold S, Guth PH, Stevens DL. Clostridial gas gangrene. I. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of microvascular dysfunction induced by exotoxins of Clostridium perfringens. J Infect Dis 2000;182:799–807.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant AE, Chen RY, Nagata Y, Wang Y, Lee CH, Finegold S, Guth PH, Stevens DL. Clostridial gas gangrene. II. Phospholipase C-induced activation of platelet gpIIbIIIa mediates vascular occlusion and myonecrosis in Clostridium perfringens gas gangrene. J Infect Dis 2000;182:808–815.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandler FW, Watts JC, (eds.). Pathologic diagnosis of fungal infections. ASCP Press, Chicago, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connor DH, (eds.). Pathology of infectious diseases. Appleton & Lange, Stamford, Conn., 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham MW. Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections and their sequelae. Adv Exp Med Biol 2008;609:29–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis in U.S. military personnel--Southwest/Central Asia, 2002–2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004;53:264–265.

    Google Scholar 

  • Damjanov I, Linder J, Anderson WAD, (eds.). Anderson’s pathology. Mosby, St. Louis, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daum RS. Clinical practice. Skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 2007;357:380–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll JA, Brody SL, Kollef MH. The epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Drugs 2007;67:351–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutra WO, Gollob KJ. Current concepts in immunoregulation and pathology of human Chagas disease. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2008;21:287–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenman HC, Casadevall A, McClelland EE. New insights on the pathogenesis of invasive Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2007;9:457–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fields BS, Benson RF, Besser RE. Legionella and Legionnaires’ disease: 25 years of investigation. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002;15:506–526.

    Google Scholar 

  • Filler SG. Candida-host cell receptor-ligand interactions. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006;9:333–339.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia LS, (eds.). Diagnostic medical parasitology. ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg RN, Scott LJ, Vaughn HH, Ribes JA. Zygomycosis (mucormycosis): emerging clinical importance and new treatments. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2004;17:517–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guarner J, Jernigan JA, Shieh WJ, Tatti K, Flannagan LM, Stephens DS, Popovic T, Ashford DA, Perkins BA, Zaki SR. Pathology and pathogenesis of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. Am J Pathol 2003;163:701–709.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guilherme L, Kalil J, Cunningham M. Molecular mimicry in the autoimmune pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease. Autoimmunity 2006;39:31–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta A, Polyak CS, Bishop RD, Sobel J, Mintz ED. Laboratory-confirmed shigellosis in the United States, 1989–2002: epidemiologic trends and patterns. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1372–1377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadfield TL, McEvoy P, Polotsky Y, Tzinserling VA, Yakovlev AA. The pathology of diphtheria. J Infect Dis 2000;181 Suppl 1:S116–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hage CA, Davis TE, Egan L, Parker M, Fuller D, Lemonte AM, Durkin M, Connelly P, Joseph Wheat L, Blue-Hnidy D, Knox KS. Diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis and blastomycosis by detection of antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using an improved second-generation enzyme-linked immunoassay. Respir Med 2007;101:43–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hage CA, Wheat LJ, Loyd J, Allen SD, Blue D, Knox KS. Pulmonary histoplasmosis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2008;29:151–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haldar K, Murphy SC, Milner DA, Taylor TE. Malaria: mechanisms of erythrocytic infection and pathological correlates of severe disease. Annu Rev Pathol 2007;2:217–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawkes M, Kain KC. Advances in malaria diagnosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2007;5:485–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoppa E, Bachur R. Lyme disease update. Curr Opin Pediatr 2007;19:275–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotez PJ, Brooker S, Bethony JM, Bottazzi ME, Loukas A, Xiao S. Hookworm infection. N Engl J Med 2004;351:799–807.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janka J, O’Grady NP. Clostridium difficile infection: current perspectives. Curr Opin Crit Care 2009;15:149–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jernigan JA, Stephens DS, Ashford DA, Omenaca C, Topiel MS, Galbraith M, Tapper M, Fisk TL, Zaki S, Popovic T, Meyer RF, Quinn CP, Harper SA, Fridkin SK, Sejvar JJ, Shepard CW, McConnell M, Guarner J, Shieh WJ, Malecki JM, Gerberding JL, Hughes JM, Perkins BA. Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7:933–944.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson DR, Wotton JT, Shet A, Kaplan EL. A comparison of group A streptococci from invasive and uncomplicated infections: are virulent clones responsible for serious streptococcal infections? J Infect Dis 2002;185:1586–1595.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones JL, Dargelas V, Roberts J, Press C, Remington JS, Montoya JG. Risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:878–884.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kauffman HF. Immunopathogenesis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and airway remodeling. Front Biosci 2003;8:e190–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaur R, Domergue R, Zupancic ML, Cormack BP. A yeast by any other name: Candida glabrata and its interaction with the host. Curr Opin Microbiol 2005;8:378–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keiser PB, Nutman TB. Strongyloides stercoralis in the Immuno­compromised Population. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004;17:208–217.

    Google Scholar 

  • King MD, Humphrey BJ, Wang YF, Kourbatova EV, Ray SM, Blumberg HM. Emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphy­lococcus aureus USA 300 clone as the predominant cause of skin and soft-tissue infections. Ann Intern Med 2006;144:309–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krause PJ. Babesiosis diagnosis and treatment. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2003;3:45–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larone DH, (eds.). Medically important fungi: a guide to identification. ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latge JP, Calderone R. Host-microbe interactions: fungi invasive human fungal opportunistic infections. Curr Opin Microbiol 2002;5:355–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Layton AN, Galyov EE. Salmonella-induced enteritis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic implications. Expert Rev Mol Med 2007;9:1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandell GL, Douglas RG, Bennett JE, Dolin R, (eds.). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s principles and practice of infectious diseases. Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooi FR, van Loo IH, van Gent M, He Q, Bart MJ, Heuvelman KJ, de Greeff SC, Diavatopoulos D, Teunis P, Nagelkerke N, Mertsola J. Bordetella pertussis strains with increased toxin production associated with pertussis resurgence. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15:1206–1213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray PR, Baron EJ, (eds.). Manual of clinical microbiology. ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA, (eds.). Medical microbiology. Mosby/Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nett J, Andes D. Candida albicans biofilm development, modeling a host-pathogen interaction. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006;9:340–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman LM, Moran JS, Workowski KA. Update on the management of gonorrhea in adults in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44 Suppl 3:S84–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newsome AL, Scott TM, Benson RF, Fields BS. Isolation of an amoeba naturally harboring a distinctive Legionella species. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998;64:1688–1693.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nigrovic LE, Wingerter SL. Tularemia. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2008;22:489–504, ix.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E. Brucellosis. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2325–2336.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powers CN. Diagnosis of infectious diseases: a cytopathologist’s perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998;11:341–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prentice MB, Rahalison L. Plague. Lancet 2007;369:1196–1207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Procop GW, Wilson M. Infectious disease pathology. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32:1589–1601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rocha A, de Meneses AC, da Silva AM, Ferreira MS, Nishioka SA, Burgarelli MK, Almeida E, Turcato Junior G, Metze K, Lopes ER. Pathology of patients with Chagas’ disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994;50:261–268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romani L. Immunity to fungal infections. Nat Rev Immunol 2004;4:1–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ross AG, Bartley PB, Sleigh AC, Olds GR, Li Y, Williams GM, McManus DP. Schistosomiasis. N Engl J Med 2002;346:1212–1220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rupnik M, Wilcox MH, Gerding DN. Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009;7:526–536.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sansonetti PJ. Microbes and microbial toxins: paradigms for microbial-mucosal interactions III. Shigellosis: from symptoms to molecular pathogenesis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001;280:G319–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seveau S, Pizarro-Cerda J, Cossart P. Molecular mechanisms exploited by Listeria monocytogenes during host cell invasion. Microbes Infect 2007;9:1167–1175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seybold U, Kourbatova EV, Johnson JG, Halvosa SJ, Wang YF, King MD, Ray SM, Blumberg HM. Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 genotype as a major cause of health care-associated blood stream infections. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:647–656.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shrivastava R, Miller JF. Virulence factor secretion and translocation by Bordetella species. Curr Opin Microbiol 2009;12:88–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens DS. Conquering the meningococcus. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2007;31:3–14.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens DS, Greenwood B, Brandtzaeg P. Epidemic meningitis, meningococcaemia, and Neisseria meningitidis. Lancet 2007;369:2196–2210.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sturm A, Amino R, van de Sand C, Regen T, Retzlaff S, Rennenberg A, Krueger A, Pollok JM, Menard R, Heussler VT. Manipulation of host hepatocytes by the malaria parasite for delivery into liver sinusoids. Science 2006;313:1287–1290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swartz MN. Recognition and management of anthrax--an update. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1621–1626.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torres HA, Reddy BT, Raad, II, Tarrand J, Bodey GP, Hanna HA, Rolston KV, Kontoyiannis DP. Nocardiosis in cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2002;81:388–397.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinberg GA. Laboratory diagnosis of ehrlichiosis and babesiosis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001;20:435–437.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White AC, Jr. Neurocysticercosis: updates on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Annu Rev Med 2000;51:187–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whiteway M, Oberholzer U. Candida morphogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. Curr Opin Microbiol 2004;7:350–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winn WC, Koneman EW, (eds.). Koneman’s color atlas and textbook of diagnostic microbiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young JA, Collier RJ. Anthrax toxin: receptor binding, internalization, pore formation, and translocation. Annu Rev Biochem 2007;76:243–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaharik ML, Gruenheid S, Perrin AJ, Finlay BB. Delivery of dangerous goods: type III secretion in enteric pathogens. Int J Med Microbiol 2002;291:593–603.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Division of Human Pathology, Department of Physiology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA

    Deborah E. Blue MD

  2. Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Stephen D. Allen MD

Authors
  1. Deborah E. Blue MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Stephen D. Allen MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Dept. Pathology, Indiana University, N. University Blvd. 550, Indianapolis, 46202, Indiana, USA

    Liang Cheng

  2. Bostwick Laboratories, N. Parham Rd. 2807, Richmond, 23294, Virgin Islands, USA

    David G. Bostwick

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Blue, D.E., Allen, S.D. (2011). Microbiology for the Surgical Pathologist. In: Cheng, L., Bostwick, D. (eds) Essentials of Anatomic Pathology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6043-6_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6043-6_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-6042-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-6043-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation