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Computational Models of Inferior Colliculus Neurons

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Book cover Computational Models of the Auditory System

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 35))

Abstract

The inferior colliculus (IC), the principal auditory nucleus in the midbrain, occupies a key position in the auditory system. It receives convergent input from most of the auditory nuclei in the brain stem, and in turn, projects to the auditory forebrain (Winer and Schreiner 2005). The IC is therefore a major site for the integration and reorganization of the different types of auditory information conveyed by largely parallel neural pathways in the brain stem, and its neural response properties are accordingly very diverse and complex (Winer and Schreiner 2005). The function of the IC has been hard to pinpoint. The IC has been called the “nexus of the auditory pathway” (Aitkin 1986), a “shunting yard of acoustical information processing” (Ehret and Romand 1997), and the locus of a “transformation [that] adjusts the pace of sensory input to the pace of behavior” (Casseday and Covey 1996). The vague, if not metaphorical, nature of these descriptions partly reflects the lack of a quantitative understanding of IC processing such as that which has emerged from computational studies of the cochlear nucleus (Voigt, Chapter 3) and superior olivary complex (Colburn, Chapter 4).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Borisyuk et al. (2002) created hyperpolarization using a voltage-gated potassium channel because their model does not explicitly generate action potentials, which are needed to activate the calcium-gated channels used by Cai et al. (1998b). This difference does not appear significant; the two models similarly replicate the hysteresis effects observed in the physiological data.

  2. 2.

    One problem with this model structure is that the ICC cell responds equally well to harmonics of the BMF as to the BMF itself. Voutsas et al. (2005) avoid this problem by having the trigger neuron inhibit the ICC cell, via an interneuron putatively located in the VNLL, for a predefined period of time equal to at least one-half of the integration period.

  3. 3.

    Studies in both anesthetized cat (Langner and Schreiner 1988) and awake chinchilla (Langner et al. 2002) have reported IC units with rate-BMFs as high at 1,000 Hz, but most of these were multi-units (as opposed to single units) and could be recordings from axons of incoming lemniscal inputs rather than from cell bodies of ICC neurons (see Joris et al. 2004 for discussion).

  4. 4.

    At modulation frequencies above approximately 800 Hz, the EN neurons providing inhibitory inputs to the LP neurons no longer respond in a sustained manner, causing the firing rate of the LP neurons to increase rapidly. Thus, strictly speaking, the LP neurons have band-reject, not lowpass, rate-MTFs.

  5. 5.

    The periodicity equation gives a linear relationship between best modulation period and carrier period (in which the slope is a ratio of small integers), while de Boers’ rule gives a linear relationship between perceived pitch frequency and carrier frequency. The two relationships are very similar when examined over a limited range of carrier frequencies (Langner 1985).

Abbreviations

AM:

Amplitude modulation

AN:

Auditory nerve

BD:

Best delay

BMF:

Best modulation frequency

BF:

Best frequency

CD:

Characteristic delay

CN:

Cochlear nucleus

CP:

Characteristic phase

CR:

Chopping rate

DCN:

Dorsal cochlear nucleus

DNLL:

Dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

EI:

Contralaterally excited and ipsilaterally inhibited

EI/F:

EI with facilitation

F0:

Fundamental frequency

IC:

Inferior colliculus

ICC:

Central nucleus of the inferior colliculus

ICX:

External nucleus of the inferior colliculus

ILD:

Interaural level difference

IPD:

Interaural phase difference

ITD:

Interaural time difference

LSO:

Lateral superior olive

MNTB:

Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body

MSO:

Medial superior olive

MTF:

Modulation transfer function

PE:

Precedence effect

PIR:

Postinhibitory rebound

SOC:

Superior olivary complex

VNLL:

Ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus

VCN:

Ventral cochlear nucleus

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Acknowledgment

We thank M. Slama, G.I. Wang, L. Wang, B. Wen, and Y Zhou for their comments on the manuscript, and G.I. Wang for help with figure preparation. Preparation of this chapter was supported by NIH grants DC002258 (Delgutte and Hancock) and DC05161 (Davis).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA

    Kevin A. Davis

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  1. Kevin A. Davis
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  2. Kenneth E. Hancock
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  3. Bertrand Delgutte
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Correspondence to Kevin A. Davis .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO43SQ, United Kingdom

    Ray Meddis

  2. Inst. Neurociencias de Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, Av. Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, Salamanca, 37007, Spain

    Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda

  3. Parmly Hearing Institute, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Rd., Chicago, 60626, USA

    Richard R. Fay

  4. Dept. Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742-4415, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

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Davis, K.A., Hancock, K.E., Delgutte, B. (2010). Computational Models of Inferior Colliculus Neurons. In: Meddis, R., Lopez-Poveda, E., Fay, R., Popper, A. (eds) Computational Models of the Auditory System. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 35. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5934-8_6

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