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Understanding Gene, Environment, and Gene × Environment Interaction Effects: The Example of Childhood Externalizing Disorders

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Handbook of Genomics and the Family

Part of the book series: Issues in Clinical Child Psychology ((ICCP))

Abstract

In the past, models of children’s social development focused almost exclusively on causal mechanisms believed to be primarily environmental. Oftentimes, parenting styles were implicated as the primary causal factors in the development of children’s social and emotional adjustment (e.g., Bates, Bayles, Bennett, Ridge, & Brown, 1991; Hetherington & Martin, 1979; Patterson, 1982). Peer influence on child behavior has also been researched in depth (Berkowitz & Lundy, 1957; Pravder & Israel, 1983), as were adverse environmental conditions such as poverty (Schweinhart & Weikart, 1988). While these causal pathways each have merit, theories of the origins of children’s adjustment and maladjustment evolved dramatically during the 1990s to consider increasingly complex transactional systems in which psychological, sociological, and genetic factors are interrelated in their influence on child adjustment (Bates et al., 1991; Bronfenbrenner & Ceci, 1994).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Hilah Evrony & Jennifer Ulbricht

  2. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Jenae M. Neiderhiser

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  1. Hilah Evrony
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  1. Division of Health Outcomes & Health Beh, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Whitehaven St, NW 3300, Washington, 20007, District of Columbia, USA

    Kenneth P. Tercyak

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Evrony, H., Ulbricht, J., Neiderhiser, J.M. (2010). Understanding Gene, Environment, and Gene × Environment Interaction Effects: The Example of Childhood Externalizing Disorders. In: Tercyak, K. (eds) Handbook of Genomics and the Family. Issues in Clinical Child Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5800-6_3

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