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Multiple Pathways to Long-Lasting Phrenic Motor Facilitation

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New Frontiers in Respiratory Control

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 669))

Abstract

Plasticity is a hallmark of neural systems, including the neural system controlling breathing (Mitchell and Johnson 2003). Despite its biological and potential clinical significance, our understanding of mechanisms giving rise to any form of respiratory plasticity remains incomplete. Here we discuss recent advances in our understanding of cellular mechanisms giving rise to phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF), a long-lasting increase in phrenic motor output induced by acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH). Recently, we have come to realize that multiple, distinct mechanisms are capable of giving rise to long-lasting phrenic motor facilitation (PMF); we use PMF as a general term that includes AIH-induced pLTF. It is important to begin an appreciation and understanding of these diverse pathways. Hence, we introduce a nomenclature based on upstream steps in the signaling cascade leading to PMF. Two pathways are featured here: the “Q” and the “S” pathways, named because they are induced by metabotropic receptors coupled to Gq and Gs proteins, respectively. These pathways appear to interact in complex and interesting ways, thus providing a range of potential responses in the face of changing physiological conditions or the onset of disease.

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Acknowledgements

Supported by NIH HL080209 and NS05777.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Erica A. Dale-Nagle, Michael S. Hoffman, Peter M. MacFarlane & Gordon S. Mitchell

Authors
  1. Erica A. Dale-Nagle
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  2. Michael S. Hoffman
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  3. Peter M. MacFarlane
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  4. Gordon S. Mitchell
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erica A. Dale-Nagle .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Showa University School of Medicine, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku 1-5-8-5-8, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan

    Ikuo Homma

  2. Showa University School of Medicine, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku 1-5-8-5-8, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan

    Hiroshi Onimaru

  3. Jyuntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku 2-1-1-1-1, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan

    Yoshinosuke Fukuchi

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Dale-Nagle, E.A., Hoffman, M.S., MacFarlane, P.M., Mitchell, G.S. (2010). Multiple Pathways to Long-Lasting Phrenic Motor Facilitation. In: Homma, I., Onimaru, H., Fukuchi, Y. (eds) New Frontiers in Respiratory Control. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 669. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5692-7_45

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