Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Behçet’s Syndrome pp 135–148Cite as

Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in Behçet’s Syndrome

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 962 Accesses

Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness have been well documented in Behçet’s syndrome. Lipid peroxidation abnormalities also suggest a proatherogenic state. However, studies investigating carotid atherosclerosis and coronary calcification fail to show increased atherosclerosis. Similarly, a long-term outcome survey and cross-sectional clinical studies suggest that the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its associated mortality are not increased in BS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Vogel RA (2001) Measurement of endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation. Am J Cardiol 88(2):31E–34E

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Poredos P (2001) Endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 7:276–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bijl M (2003) Endothelial activation, endothelial dysfunction and premature atherosclerosis in systemic autoimmune diseases. Neth J Med 61:273–277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Endemann DH, Schiffrin EL (2004) Endothelial dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 15:1983–1992

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kasprzak JD, Kłosińska M, Drozdz J (2006) Clinical aspects of assessment of endothelial function. Pharmacol Rep 58(Suppl):33–40

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Giannotti G, Landmesser U (2007) Endothelial dysfunction as an early sign of atherosclerosis. Herz 32:568–572

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Al-Qaisi M, Kharbanda RK, Mittal TK, Donald AE (2008) Measurement of endothelial function and its clinical utility for cardiovascular risk. Vasc Health Risk Manag 4:647–652

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Deanfield JE, Halcox JP, Rabelink TJ (2007) Endothelial function and dysfunction: testing and clinical relevance. Circulation 115:1285–1295

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM et al (1992) Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet 340:1111–1115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Oliver JJ, Webb DJ (2003) Noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness and risk of atherosclerotic events. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23:554–566

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Duprez DA, Cohn JN (2007) Arterial stiffness as a risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 9:139–144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ganz P, Vita JA (2003) Testing endothelial vasomotor function: nitric oxide, a multipotent molecule. Circulation 108:2049–2053

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Gokce N, Keaney JF Jr, Hunter LM et al (2002) Risk stratification for postoperative cardiovascular events via noninvasive assessment of endothelial function: a prospective study. Circulation 105:1567–1572

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Neunteufl T, Katzenschlager R, Hassan A et al (1997) Systemic endothelial dysfunction is related to the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 129:111–118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Bacon PA (2005) Endothelial cell dysfunction in systemic vasculitis: new developments and therapeutic prospects. Curr Opin Rheumatol 17:49–55

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Amar S, Gokce N, Morgan S, Loukideli M, Van Dyke TE, Vita JA (2003) Periodontal disease is associated with brachial artery endothelial dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23:1245–1249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Tonetti MS, D’Aiuto F, Nibali L et al (2007) Treatment of periodontitis and endothelial function. N Engl J Med 356:911–920

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hingorani AD, Cross J, Kharbanda RK et al (2000) Acute systemic inflammation impairs endothelium-dependent dilatation in humans. Circulation 102:994–999

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Charakida M, Donald AE, Green H et al (2005) Early structural and functional changes of the vasculature in HIV-infected children: impact of disease and antiretroviral therapy. Circulation 112:103–109

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Charakida M, Donald AE, Terese M et al (2005) ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) Study Team. Endothelial dysfunction in childhood infection. Circulation 111:1660–1665

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Piper MK, Raza K, Nuttall SL et al (2007) Impaired endothelial function in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 16:84–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Martin J, Llorca J (2008) Endothelial dysfunction, carotid intima-media thickness, and accelerated atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 38:67–70

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Filer AD, Gardner-Medwin JM, Thambyrajah J et al (2003) Diffuse endothelial dysfunction is common to ANCA associated systemic vasculitis and polyarteritis nodosa. Ann Rheum Dis 62:162–167

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Booth AD, Wallace S, McEniery CM et al (2004) Inflammation and arterial stiffness in systemic vasculitis: a model of vascular inflammation. Arthritis Rheum 50:581–588

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Diaz-Varela N, Garcia-Quiroga H, Gonzalez-Gay MA (2008) Short-term improvement of endothelial function in rituximab-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients refractory to tumor necrosis factor alpha blocker therapy. Arthritis Rheum 59:1821–1824

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gonzalez-Juanatey C, Llorca J, Garcia-Porrua C, Sanchez-Andrade A, Martín J, Gonzalez-Gay MA (2006) Steroid therapy improves endothelial function in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. J Rheumatol 33:74–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Booth AD, Jayne DR, Kharbanda RK et al (2004) Infliximab improves endothelial dysfunction in systemic vasculitis: a model of vascular inflammation. Circulation 109(14):1718–1723

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Raza K, Carruthers DM, Stevens R, Filer AD, Townend JN, Bacon PA (2006) Infliximab leads to a rapid but transient improvement in endothelial function in patients with primary systemic vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis 65:946–948

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Raza K, Thambyrajah J, Townend JN et al (2000) Suppression of inflammation in primary systemic vasculitis restores vascular endothelial function: lessons for atherosclerotic disease? Circulation 102:1470–1472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Chambers JC, Haskard DO, Kooner JS (2001) Vascular endothelial function and oxidative stress mechanisms in patients with Behçet’s syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 37:517–520

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Protogerou A, Lekakis J, Stamatelopoulos K et al (2003) Arterial wall characteristics in patients with Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 528:399–404

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ozdemir R, Barutcu I, Sezgin AT et al (2004) Vascular endothelial function and plasma homocysteine levels in Behçet’s disease. Am J Cardiol 94:522–525

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Oflaz H, Mercanoglu F, Karaman O et al (2005) Impaired endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation in Behçet’s disease: more prominent endothelial dysfunction in patients with vascular involvement. Int J Clin Pract 59:777–781

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kayikcioglu M, Aksu K, Hasdemir C et al (2006) Endothelial functions in Behçet’s disease. Rheumatol Int 26:304–308

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Caliskan M, Gullu H, Yilmaz S et al (2008) Cardiovascular prognostic value of vascular involvement in Behçet’s disease. Int J Cardiol 125:428–430

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ulusoy RE, Karabudak O, Kilicaslan F, Kirilmaz A, Us MH, Cebeci BS (2008) Noninvasive assessment of impaired endothelial dysfunction in mucocutaneous Behçet’s disease. Rheumatol Int 28:617–621

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Caliskan M, Yilmaz S, Yildirim E et al (2007) Endothelial functions are more severely impaired during active disease period in patients with Behçet’s disease. Clin Rheumatol 26:1074–1078

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Protogerou AD, Sfikakis PP, Stamatelopoulos KS et al (2007) Interrelated modulation of endothelial function in Behçet’s disease by clinical activity and corticosteroid treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 9(5):R90

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Alan S, Ulgen MS, Akdeniz S, Alan B, Toprak N (2004) Intima-media thickness and arterial distensibility in Behçet’s disease. Angiology 55:413–419

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Ikonomidis I, Lekakis J, Stamatelopoulos K, Markomihelakis N, Kaklamanis PG, Mavrikakis M (2004) Aortic elastic properties and left ventricular diastolic function in patients with Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 43:1075–1081

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ikonomidis I, Aznaouridis K, Protogerou A et al (2006) Arterial wave reflections are associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease. J Card Fail 12:458–463

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Protogerou AD, Achimastos A, Vlachopoulos C et al (2008) Reduced pressure wave reflections in patients with active clinical status of Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease. Hellenic J Cardiol 49:408–414

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Protogerou AD, Lekakis J, Ikonomidis I et al (2006) Pressure wave reflections, central blood pressure, and aortic stiffness in patients with Adamantiades-Behçet’s disease: a cross-sectional case-control study underlining the role of chronic corticosteroid treatment. Am J Hypertens 19:660–666

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kurum T, Yildiz M, Soy M, Ozbay G, Alimgil L (2005) Tuzun B Arterial distensibility as determined by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity in patients with Behçet’s disease. Clin Rheumatol 24:134–138

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Bacon PA, Stevens RJ, Carruthers DM, Young SP, Kitas GD (2002) Accelerated atherogenesis in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 1:338–347

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Van Doornum S, McColl G, Wicks IP (2002) Accelerated atherosclerosis: an extraarticular feature of rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Rheum 46:862–873

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Shoenfeld Y, Gerli R, Doria A et al (2005) Accelerated atherosclerosis in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Circulation 112:3337–3347

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Manzi S, Meilahn EN, Rairie JE et al (1997) Age-specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol 145:408–415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. van der Wal AC, Becker AE, van der Loos CM, Das PK (1994) Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology. Circulation 89:36–44

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. van der Wal AC, Das PK, Tigges AJ, Becker AE (1992) Adhesion molecules on the endothelium and mononuclear cells in human atherosclerotic lesions. Am J Pathol 141:1427–1433

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Libby P, Ridker PM (2004) Inflammation and atherosclerosis: role of C-reactive protein in risk assessment. Am J Med 116(Suppl 6A):9S–16S

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Seyahi E, Ugurlu S, Cumali R et al (2006) Atherosclerosis in Takayasu arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis 65:1202–1207

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. de Leeuw K, Sanders JS, Stegeman C, Smit A, Kallenberg CG, Bijl M (2005) Accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis. Ann Rheum Dis 64:753–759

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Cohen Tervaert JW (2009) Translational mini-review series on immunology of vascular disease: accelerated atherosclerosis in vasculitis. Clin Exp Immunol 156:377–385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kural-Seyahi E, Fresko I, Seyahi N et al (2003) The long-term mortality and morbidity of Behçet’s syndrome: a 2-decade outcome survey of 387 patients followed at a dedicated center. Medicine (Baltimore) 82:60–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Urowitz MB, Bookman AA, Koehler BE, Gordon DA, Smythe HA, Ogryzlo MA (1976) The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 60:221–225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Ugurlu S, Seyahi E, Yazici H (2008) Prevalence of angina, myocardial infarction and intermittent claudication assessed by Rose Questionnaire among patients with Behçet’s syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47:472–475

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Seyahi E, Memisoglu E, Hamuryudan V et al (2004) Coronary atherosclerosis in Behçet’s syndrome: a pilot study using electron-beam computed tomography. Rheumatology (Oxford) 43:1448–1450

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Manger K, Kusus M, Forster C et al (2003) Factors associated with coronary artery calcification in young female patients with SLE. Ann Rheum Dis 62:846–850

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Chung CP, Oeser A, Avalos I, Raggi P, Stein CM (2006) Cardiovascular risk scores and the presence of subclinical coronary artery atherosclerosis in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 15:562–569

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Mishima Y, Ishikawa K, Ueno A (1973) Arterial involvement in Behçet’s disease. Jpn J Surg 3:52–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Chajek T, Fainaru M (1975) Behçet’s disease. Report of 41 cases and a review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 54:179–196

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Shimizu T, Ehrlich GE, Inaba G, Hayashi K (1979) Behçet’s disease (Behçet’s syndrome). Semin Arthritis Rheum 8:223–260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Koc Y, Gullu I, Akpek G et al (1992) Vascular involvement in Behçet’s disease. J Rheumatol 19:402–410

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Kaklamani VG, Vaiopoulos G, Kaklamanis PG (1998) Behçet’s disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum 27:197–217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Kaseda S, Koiwaya Y, Tajimi T et al (1982) Huge false aneurysm due to rupture of the right coronary artery in Behçet’s syndrome. Am Heart J 103(4 Pt 1):569–571

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Siepmann M, Kirch W (1997) Coronary anomaly in Behçet’s syndrome. Rheumatol Int 17:39–42

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Ipek G, Omeroglu SN, Mansuroglu D, Kirali K, Uzun K, Sismanoglu M (2001) Coronary artery bypass grafting in a 26-year-old man with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery related to Behçet’s disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 122:1247–1249

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Cevik C, Otahbachi M, Nugent K, Jenkins LA (2009) Coronary artery aneurysms in Behçet’s disease. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 10:128–129

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Jin SJ, Mun HS, Chung SJ, Park MC, Kwon HM, Hong YS (2008) Acute myocardial infarction due to sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in a patient with Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 26(4 Suppl 50):S117–S120

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Porcu P, Chavanon O, Bertrand B et al (2008) Giant aneurysm of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery in a patient with Behçet’s disease – a combined approach. Can J Cardiol 24:e73–e74

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Lee S, Lee CY, Yoo KJ (2007) Acute myocardial infarction due to an unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm in a patient with Behçet’s syndrome. Yonsei Med J 48:883–885

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Cuisset T, Quilici J, Bonnet JL (2007) Giant coronary artery aneurysm in Behçet’s disease. Heart 93:1375

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Huong DL, Wechsler B, Papo T et al (1997) Endomyocardial fibrosis in Behçet’s disease. Ann Rheum Dis 56:205–208

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Aouba A, Nebie L, Fabiani JN, Bruneval P, Patri B, De Bandt M (2004) Tricuspid aseptic endocarditis revealing right endomyocardial fibrosis during an unrecognized Behçet’s disease. A case report. Presse Med 33(19 Pt 2):1367–1369

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. McDonald GS, Gad-Al-Rab J (1980) Behçet’s disease with endocarditis and the Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Clin Pathol 33:660–669

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Lee I, Park S, Hwang I, Kim MJ, Nah SS, Yoo B, Song JK (2008) Cardiac Behçet’s disease presenting as aortic valvulitis/aortitis or right heart inflammatory mass: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 32:390–398

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Lakhanpal S, Tani K, Lie JT, Katoh K, Ishigatsubo Y, Ohokubo T (1985) Pathologic features of Behçet’s syndrome: a review of Japanese autopsy registry data. Hum Pathol 16:790–795

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ozkan M, Emel O, Ozdemir M et al (1992) M-mode, 2-D and Doppler echocardiographic study in 65 patients with Behçet’s syndrome. Eur Heart J 13:638–641

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Tunc SE, Dogan A, Gedikli O, Arslan C, Sahin M (2005) Assessment of aortic stiffness and ventricular diastolic functions in patients with Behçet’s disease. Rheumatol Int 25:447–451

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Bozkurt A, Akpinar O, Uzun S, Akman A, Arslan D, Birand A (2006) Echocardiographic findings in patients with Behçet’s disease. Am J Cardiol 97:710–715

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Calguneri M, Erbas B, Kes S, Karaaslan Y (1993) Alterations in left ventricular function in patients with Behçet’s disease using radionuclide ventriculography and Doppler echocardiography. Cardiology 82:309–316

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Komsuoglu B, Goldeli O, Kulan K et al (1994) Doppler evaluation of left ventricular diastolic filling in Behçet’s disease. Int J Cardiol 47:145–150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Gemici K, Baran I, Gullulu S, Kazazoglu AR, Cordan J, Ozer Z (2000) Evaluation of diastolic dysfunction and repolarization dispersion in Behçet’s disease. Int J Cardiol 73:143–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Gullu IH, Benekli M, Muderrisoglu H et al (1996) Silent myocardial ischemia in Behçet’s disease. J Rheumatol 23:323–327

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Turkolmez S, Gokcora N, Alkan M, Gorer MA (2005) Evaluation of myocardial perfusion in patients with Behçet’s disease. Ann Nucl Med 19:201–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Gullu H, Caliskan M, Erdogan D et al (2007) Patients with Behçet’s disease carry a higher risk for microvascular involvement in active disease period. Ann Med 39:154–159

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Keser G, Aksu K, Tamsel S et al (2005) Increased thickness of the carotid artery intima-media assessed by ultrasonography in Behçet’s disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 23(4 Suppl 38):S71–S76

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Ozturk MA, Oktar SO, Unverdi S et al (2006) Morphologic evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis obtained by carotid ultrasonography in patients with Behçet’s disease. Rheumatol Int 26:867–872

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Rhee MY, Chang HK, Kim SK (2007) Intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness of carotid artery in Korean patients with Behçet’s disease. J Korean Med Sci 22:387–392

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Hong SN, Park JC, Yoon NS et al (2008) Carotid artery intima-media thickness in Behçet’s disease patients without significant cardiovascular involvement. Korean J Intern Med 23:87–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Seyahi E, Ugurlu S, Cumali R et al (2008) Atherosclerosis in Behçet’s Syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum 38:1–12

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, Laurora G et al (1996) Ultrasound morphology classification of the arterial wall and cardiovascular events in a 6-year follow-up study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16:851–856

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Ebrahim S, Papacosta O, Whincup P et al (1999) Carotid plaque, intima media thickness, cardiovascular risk factors, and prevalent cardiovascular disease in men and women: the British Regional Heart Study. Stroke 30:841–850

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Adams MR, Nakagomi A, Keech A et al (1995) Carotid intima-media thickness is only weakly correlated with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease. Circulation 92:2127–2134

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. del Sol AI, Moons KG, Hollander M et al (2001) Is carotid intima-media thickness useful in cardiovascular disease risk assessment? The Rotterdam Study. Stroke 32:1532–1538

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Johnsen SH, Mathiesen EB (2009) Carotid plaque compared with intima-media thickness as a predictor of coronary and cerebrovascular disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 11:21–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Del Porto F, Lagana B, Lai S et al (2007) Response to anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade is associated with reduction of carotid intima-media thickness in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46:1111–1115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Ferrante A, Giardina AR, Ciccia F, et al (2009) Long-term anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy reverses the progression of carotid intima-media thickness in female patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int [Epub ahead of print]

    Google Scholar 

  100. Leiba M, Seligsohn U, Sidi Y et al (2004) Thrombophilic factors are not the leading cause of thrombosis in Behçet’s disease. Ann Rheum Dis 63:1445–1449

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Orem A, Yandi YE, Vanizor B, Cimsit G, Uydu HA, Malkoc M (2002) The evaluation of autoantibodies against oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL), susceptibility of LDL to oxidation, serum lipids and lipid hydroperoxide levels, total antioxidant status, antioxidant enzyme activities, and endothelial dysfunction in patients with Behçet’s disease. Clin Biochem 35:217–224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Orem A, Efe H, Deger O, Cimsit G, Uydu HA, Vanizor B (1997) Relationship between lipid peroxidation and disease activity in patients with Behçet’s disease. J Dermatol Sci 16:11–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Karakucuk S, Baskol G, Oner AO, Baskol M, Mirza E, Ustdal M (2004) Serum paraoxonase activity is decreased in the active stage of Behçet’s disease. Br J Ophthalmol 88:1256–1258

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Mungan AG, Can M, Acikgöz S, Estürk E, Altinyazar C (2006) Lipid peroxidation and homocysteine levels in Behçet’s disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 44:1115–1118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Sandikci R, Türkmen S, Güvenen G et al (2003) Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence system in patients with active or inactive Behçet’s disease. Acta Derm Venereol 83:342–346

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Köse K, Yazici C, Cambay N, Aşcioğlu O, Doğan P (2002) Lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in patients with Behçet’s disease. Tohoku J Exp Med 197:9–16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Esmat S, El Sherif H, Anwar S, Fahmy I, Elmenyawi M, Shaker O (2006) Lipoprotein (a) and nitrites in Behçet’s disease: relationship with disease activity and vascular complications. Eur J Dermatol 16:67–71

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Musabak U, Baylan O, Cetin T et al (2005) Lipid profile and anticardiolipin antibodies in Behçet’s disease. Arch Med Res 36:387–392

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Gürbüz O, Ozdemir Y, Cosar CB, Kural G (2001) Lipoprotein (a) in Behçet’s disease as an indicator of disease activity and in thrombotic complications. Eur J Ophthalmol 11:62–65

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Orem A, Deger O, Memiş O, Caliskan K, Cimşit G (1994) High lipoprotein (a) levels as a thrombogenic risk factor in Behçet’s disease. Ann Rheum Dis 53:351–352

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Orem A, Cimsit G, Deger O, Vanizor B, Karahan SC (1999) Autoantibodies against oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein in patients with Behçet’s disease. Dermatology 198:243–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Müftüoglu AU, Yazici H, Yurdakul S et al (1986) Behçet’s disease. Relation of serum C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates to disease activity. Int J Dermatol 25:235–239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Yazici H (1997) The place of Behçet’s syndrome among the autoimmune diseases. Int Rev Immunol 14:1–10

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey

    Emire Seyahi

Authors
  1. Emire Seyahi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. İzzet Fresko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hasan Yazıcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Emire Seyahi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Hospital for Joint Diseases, Behçet's Syndrome Center, NYU Medical Center, East 20th Street 246, New York, 10003, New York, USA

    Yusuf Yazıcı

  2. , Department of Medicine, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, 34452, Turkey

    Hasan Yazıcı

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Seyahi, E., Fresko, İ., Yazıcı, H. (2010). Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in Behçet’s Syndrome. In: Yazıcı, Y., Yazıcı, H. (eds) Behçet’s Syndrome. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5641-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5641-5_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-5640-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-5641-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation