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1 Advances in the Study of Electrochemical and Corrosion Phenomena in High Subcritical and in Supercritical Aqueous Solutions

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Progress in Corrosion Science and Engineering II

Part of the book series: Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry ((MAOE,volume 47))

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Abstract

Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) is a promising technology for destroying highly toxic organic waste (including physiological agents) and for reducing the volume of low-level nuclear waste. For example, SCWO has been chosen by the US Army to destroy chemical agents, such as VX hydrolysate (product obtained by hydrolyzing the chemical agent VX with caustic) and a facility for meeting this goal is now operating in Newport, Indiana. However, other chemical agents as listed in Table 1 are scheduled to be treated in a similar manner. Note that the various agents contain sulfur, phosphorous, fluorine, and nitrogen (in the form of cyanide), so that complete oxidation is expected to produce the oxyacids and/or (depending upon the pH) oxyanions of these elements. The US Navy has also explored SCWO for destroying shipboard waste, including oils and greases, solvents, and paints. Various pilot plant commercial facilities have been built in the United States, Europe, and Japan with the goal of demonstrating the efficacy of the method for destroying resilient organic waste. A variant of SCWO that operates under less severe conditions has been developed by SRI International in the form of Assisted Hydrothermal Oxidation (AHO). This technology is now offered on a commercial basis by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, who operate a commercial pilot plant in Nagasaki, Japan. Given the increasing sensitivity of regulatory agencies and the general public to toxic waste, there is little doubt that the commercial and governmental application of SCWO will expand rapidly in the foreseeable future.

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  1. Center for Electrochemical Science and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, 201 Steidle Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Digby D. Macdonald

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  1. KAIST #373-1 Kusong Dong, Dept. of Mat.Sci. & Eng., Yusong- Gu, Taejon, 305-701, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

    Su-Il Pyun

  2. Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Nongseo-Dong Mt.14-1, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-712, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)

    Jong-Won Lee

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Macdonald, D.D. (2012). 1 Advances in the Study of Electrochemical and Corrosion Phenomena in High Subcritical and in Supercritical Aqueous Solutions. In: Pyun, SI., Lee, JW. (eds) Progress in Corrosion Science and Engineering II. Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, vol 47. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5578-4_1

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