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Eppendorf Micromanipulator: Setup and Operation of Electronic Micromanipulators

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Practical Manual of In Vitro Fertilization

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Abstract

Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany, has created many devices and tools that are now considered breakthroughs in the field of laboratory applications. The importance of micromanipulators appeared before assisted reproductive technology (ART) proved its effectiveness. In the 1960s, different groups were experimenting with fertility in animal models. Hiramoto found that microinjection of spermatozoa into unfertilized sea urchin oocytes did not induce activation of the oocyte or condensation of the sperm nucleus, whereas others demonstrated the opposite in frog oocytes. Ryuzo Yanagimachi and his group later demonstrated that isolated hamster nuclei could develop into pronuclei after microinjection into homologous eggs, and a similar result was obtained when freeze-dried human spermatozoa were injected into a hamster egg. After the amazing success of ART, scientists began thinking about how to overcome the difficulties faced in fertilizing oocytes.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, 23538, Lübeck, Germany

    Ehab Abu-Marar MD

  2. IVF Unit, Frauenklinik, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

    Safa Al-Hasani DVM, PhD

Authors
  1. Ehab Abu-Marar MD
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  2. Safa Al-Hasani DVM, PhD
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Correspondence to Ehab Abu-Marar MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Scientific and Laboratory Director, Reproductive Biology Associates, Atlanta, 30342, Georgia, USA

    Zsolt Peter Nagy

  2. , Sr. Embryologist, Montreal Reproductive Centre, Montreal, H4A 3J3, Québec, Canada

    Alex C. Varghese

  3. Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Avenue 9500, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    Ashok Agarwal

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© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Abu-Marar, E., Al-Hasani, S. (2012). Eppendorf Micromanipulator: Setup and Operation of Electronic Micromanipulators. In: Nagy, Z., Varghese, A., Agarwal, A. (eds) Practical Manual of In Vitro Fertilization. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1780-5_37

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1780-5_37

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1779-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1780-5

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