Abstract
We have seen in Chaps. 2 and 3 that the direction of an incoming wave can be reconstructed from the interaction of that wave with an assembly of directional antennas of known characteristics. In this chapter, we begin to look at the engineering aspects of collecting data from the antennas, and, in the spirit of good design practice, we will outline the system requirements and consider some plausible architectures.
The overarching requirement in our entire radiolocation work is that the direction of the incoming wave be obtained for every wireless packet, and that the direction be assigned to that packet before the next one arrives, i.e., at the rate of wireless traffic. Two requirements follow:
(1) Signal strengths on all antennas must be captured during the passage of the packet. Antenna signals must be captured consistently, that is, they must all be measured at the same (average) carrier amplitude.
(2) Logical content of the packet must be decoded as usual, i.e., networking communication must not be impeded by radiolocation.
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Notes
- 1.
For example, in the 802.11b protocol, the physical preamble (the very first bits of a packet) runs at 1 Mbaud (1 μs per bit), while a reasonably fast power meter settles in 6–7 μs.
- 2.
Antennas have no active gain. What is meant by antenna gain is the maximum power per solid angle (i.e., radiation in the direction of the main lobe), relative to that of an isotropic radiator radiating the same total power. dBi stands for “decibels over isotropic.”
- 3.
Experimental results in the following three sections are from (Antolovic and Wallace 2007), © IEEE 2007, reproduced with permission.
- 4.
Frequency spectrum of a signal with rise time of 0.1 ns has significant components up to 5 GHz (see Johnson and Graham 1993).
- 5.
Effective dielectric constant is a simplification used in analyzing structures containing multiple dielectrics; it replaces the spatial distribution of actual dielectrics with a uniform medium of an average dielectric constant, εeff (see Wadell 1991).
- 6.
QuickField is a two-dimensional field-solver program by Tera Analysis. See http://www.quickfield.com/.
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Antolovic, D. (2010). Radiolocator Design: High-Frequency Front End. In: Radiolocation in Ubiquitous Wireless Communication. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1632-7_4
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