Abstract
The large intestine from cecum to anus can be effectively and accurately examined as part of a complete physical examination. An ultimate diagnosis of large bowel diseases can only be made by direct observation of the abnormalities and, if indicated, a biopsy. Different equipment is designed and used for different purposes.
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Acknowledgments.
This chapter was written by Santhat Nivatvongs and Kenneth E. Forde in the first edition of this textbook.
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© 2011 ASCRS (American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons)
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Whitlow, C.B. (2011). Endoscopy. In: Beck, D.E., Roberts, P.L., Saclarides, T.J., Senagore, A.J., Stamos, M.J., Wexner, S.D. (eds) The ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1584-9_5
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