Skip to main content

Self-Assessment: An Important Process in e-Training

A Study Case

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Learning and Instruction in the Digital Age

Abstract

This chapter discusses the concept of training as a process that entails a lifelong learning perspective, especially when it involves e-learning and online activities. Training is a complex process involving cognitive, affective, social, and cultural components. The evaluation of training outcomes is especially challenging. We stress the relevance of self-assessment in the context of the Workshop for Observing Children at School, an experience of e-training at the University of Macerata. In the formative design phase, it seems significant to plan for teachers sharing with participants their evaluation criteria. We show the differences, in terms of curricular results, between versions of the same online course. In the first version, we did not share the assessment criteria with participants, instead we gave that information at the end of the course; in the second, we dedicated a special time to the activity of building assessment criteria as one of the required tasks; in the third version, we asked student to construct a list of criteria to assess the required and then to negotiate their list with ours. The analysis of the three versions of the Workshop shows some differences in the outcomes; it is possible to argue that self-assessment is relevant to e-training effectiveness.

The chapter is based on Nicolini, Lapucci, and Moroni (2008a).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Portfolio represents a curricular document where metacognition of students is indispensable to select and choose the relevant and significant documents of their educational experience, including evaluations and self evaluation.

  2. 2.

    According with authors like Wiggins (1998) or Varisco (2004) we use a blended assessment system, applying both qualitative and quantitative evaluation strategies.

  3. 3.

    The indicators are quoted from the students’ works.

  4. 4.

    The evaluation was conducted by two blind researchers. The percentage of agreement was 93%. In the case of disagreement a third informed researcher was involved.

References

  • Bednar, A. K., Cunningham, D., Duffy, T. M., & Perry, J. D. (1992). Theory into practice: How do we link? In T. M. Duffy & D. H. Jonassen (Eds.), Constructivism and the technology of instruction (pp. 17–34). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennet, R. E. (1998). Reinventing assessment: speculations on the future of large-scale educational testing service. Princeton NJ: Policy Information Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bion, W. R. (1961). Esperienze nei gruppi. Trad.it. Roma: Armando.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruner, J. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chi, M. T. H., de Leeuw, N., Chiu, M. H., & LaVancher, C. (1994). Eliciting self-explanations improves understanding. Cognitive Science, 18(3), 439–477.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, D. (1992). Assessing constructions and constructing assessments: A dialogue. In T. M. Duffy & D. H. Jonassen (Eds.), Constructivism and the technology of instruction (pp. 35–44). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, D. J., & Duffy, T. M. (1996). Constructivism: Implications for the design and delivery of instruction. In D. H. Jonassen (Eds.), Handbook of research for educational communications and technology (pp. 170–198). New York: Simon & Shuster Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doise, W., & Mugny, G. (1981). Le dĂ©veloppement social de l’intelligence. Paris: InterĂ©ditions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doise, W., Mugny, G., & PĂ©rez, J. A. (1998). The social construction of knowledge: Social marking and socio-cognitive conflict. In U. Flick (Ed.), The psychology of the social (pp. 77–90). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, H. (1991). The unschooled mind. How children think and how schools should teach. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gee, J. P., & Green, J. L. (1998). Discourse analysis, learning, and social practice: A methodological study. Review of Research in Education, 23, 119–169.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harasim, L. (1996). Online education: The future. In T. M. Harrison & T. Stephen (Eds.), Computer networking and scholarly communication in the twenty-first century university (pp. 203–214). New York: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillman, D. C., Willis, D. J., & Gunawardena, C. N. (1994). Learner interface interaction in distance education. An extension of contemporary models and strategies for practitioners. The American Journal of Distance Education, 8(2), 30–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, D. H. (1992a). Objectivism versus constructivism: Do we need a new philosophical paradigm? Educational technology research and development, 39(3), 5–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jonassen, D. H. (1992b). Evaluating constructivistic learning. In T. M. Duffy & D. H. Jonassen (Eds.), Constructivism and the technology of instruction (pp. 137–148). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles, M. S. (1973). The adult learner, a neglected species. Houston: Gulf Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, T. S. (1996). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lake, C., & Tessmer, M. (1997). Constructivism’s implications for formative evaluation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the association for educational communications and technology. Albuquerque, New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakoff, G. (1987). Women fire and dangerous things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Lapadat, J. C. (2000). Construction of science knowledge: Scaffolding conceptual change through discourse. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 35(2), 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lesh, R., & Doerr, H. (2003). Beyond constructivism. London: Lea.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linn, R. L., Baker, E. L., & Dunbar, S. B. (1991). Complex performance-based assessment: Expectations and validation criteria. Educational Researcher, 20(8), 15–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, L. (2001). Introducing talking and writing for conceptual change: A classroom study. Learning and Instruction, 11, 305–329.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, R.(1975). The courage to create. New York: W.W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, S., & Andrews, R. (Eds.). (2000). Learning to argue. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, G. M. (1989). Three types of interaction. American Journal of Distance Education, 3(2), 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moroni, C., & Nicolini, P. (2008). Osservare l’interazione tra pari con una lente psicolinguistica. Gli indicatori di negoziazione. In P. Nicolini (Ed.), L’interazione tra pari nei processi di apprendimento, (pp. 209–225). Bergamo: Junior.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moroni, C, Smestad, O., & Kinshuk, K. (2006). Improving discursive negotiation in web discussion forum. In K. Kinshuk, D. G. Sampson, J. M. Spector, & P. Isaìas (Eds.), Proceedings of 3rd international conference on cognition and exploratory learning in digital age 2006. Barcelona, Spain.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolini, P., Lapucci, T., & Moroni, C. (2007). Is it possible to train professional skills online? Teaching- learning strategies to improve practices change in online learning. In Lionarakis, A. (Ed.). Forms of democracy in education: open access and distance education: vol. A, Proceedings of 4th international conference on open distance learning, Researches. Athens, Greece, 206–212.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolini, P., Lapucci, T., & Moroni, C. (2008a). Self assessment: a crucial process in e-training. In K. Kinshuk, D. G. Sampson, J. M. Spector, P. Isaìas, D. Ifenthaler (Eds.), Proceedings of 5th international conference “cognition and exploratory learning in digital age” (pp. 253–260). Freiburg, Germany: IADIS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolini, P., Lapucci, T., Moroni, C. (2008b). The role of cognitive conflict and peer interaction in conceptual change: a course on child observation practices. Gestalt Theory, 30(4), 447–454.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolini, P., Moroni, C., Lapucci, T., & Kinshuk, K. (2007). Teaching – Learning online strategies: conceptual change and negotiation. In K. Kinshuk, D. G. Sampson, J. M. Spector, & P. Isaìas (Eds.), Proceedings of 4th international conference “cognition and exploratory learning in digital age” (pp. 85–92). Algarve, Portugal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pear, J. (2003, November). Enhanced Feedback Using Computer-Aided Personalized System of Instruction PsychTeacher Electronic Discussion List.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pear, J. J., & Crone-Todd, D. E. (2002). A social constructivist approach to computer mediated instruction. Computers & Education, 38, 221–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pear, J. J., Crone-Todd, D. E., Wirth, K. M., & Simister, H. D. (2002). Assessment of thinking levels in students’ answers. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 5(4), 94–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, D. N. (1992). What constructivism demands of the learners. In T. M. Duffy & D. H. Jonassen (Eds.), Constructivism and the technology of instruction (pp. 161–166). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, D. N. (1998). What is understanding. In M. S. Wiske (Ed.), Teaching for understanding (pp. 39–57). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. (1970). Genetic epistemology. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pine, K. J., & Messer, D. J. (2000). The effect of explaining another’s actions on children’s implicit theories of balance. Cognition and Instruction, 18(1), 35–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pontecorvo, C. (1993). Forms of discourse and shared thinking. Cognition and Instruction, 11(3–4), 189–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Posner, G. J. (1995). Analyzing the curriculum. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prawat, R. S., & Floden, R. E. (1994). Philosophical perspectives on constructivist views of learning. Educational Psychology, 29(1), 37–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rafaeli, S., Barak, M., Dan-Gur, Y., & Toch, E. (2003). Knowledge sharing and online assessment. In Proceedings Online of IADIS 2003: http://www.iadis.net.

  • Rafaeli, S., & Tractinsky, N. (1989). Computerized tests and time: measuring, limiting and providing visual cues for time in computerized tests. Behavior and information technology, 8(5), 335–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rafaeli, S., & Tractinsky, N. (1991). Time in computerized tests: A multi-trait Multi-method investigation of general knowledge and mathematical reasoning in online examinations. Computers in Human Behavior, 7(2), 123–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, L. B., Salmon, M., Zeitz, C., Wathen, S. H., & Holowchak, M. (1993). Reasoning in conversation. Cognition and Instruction, 11(3–4), 347–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1996). Engaging students in a knowledge society. Educational leadership, 54(3), 6–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (2002). Knowledge building. In Deighton, L. C. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of education. New York: Macmillan Reference.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scriven, M. (1983). Evaluation models: Viewpoints on educational and human services evaluation. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R. (1997). Thinking styles. Boston: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Varisco, B. M. (2004). Portfolio. Valutare gli apprendimenti e le competenze. Roma: Carocci.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vosniadou, S., Ioannides, C., Dimitrakopolou, A., & Papademetriou, E. (2001). Designing learning environments to promote conceptual change in science. Learning and Instruction, 11, 381–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vrasidas, C. (2000). Constructivism versus objectivism: Implications for interaction, course design, and evaluation in distance education. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 6(4), 339–362.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenger, E. C. (1998). Communities of practice. Learning, meaning and identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wiggins, G. (1998). Educative assessment. Design assessment to inform and improve student performance. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paola Nicolini .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nicolini, P., Lapucci, T., Moroni, C. (2010). Self-Assessment: An Important Process in e-Training. In: Spector, J., Ifenthaler, D., Isaias, P., Kinshuk, Sampson, D. (eds) Learning and Instruction in the Digital Age. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1551-1_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics