Skip to main content

(Re)Constructing la Tierra de la Guerra: An Indo-Hispano Gendered Landscape on the Rito Colorado Frontier of Spanish Colonial New Mexico

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Archaeology and Preservation of Gendered Landscapes

Abstract

Every day, many a carload of visitors drives northwest from Santa Fe, pushing toward some frontier of personal discovery as they head to yet another attempted channeling of the famous painter, Georgia O’Keefe, at her shrine-like Ghost Ranch. Exiting north from the constant flow of tourists between Santa Fe and Abiquiu, one can almost feel the quieting of the road, like a lateral from the mother ditch, as it begins to narrow into a lonely strip of asphalt that wends its way up the Rito Colorado Valley. The cottonwoods trace the remnant trickles of the river itself, deeper in the middle as it passes between the southern ramparts of the valley, then opening up into a broad plain that will pinch closed again only at the extreme northern end. Just past the sign which announces entry to the Carson National Forest, across the river and just at peripheral vision, adobe walls fade into and out of focus.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anschuetz, K. F. 2007 Room to Grow with Rooms to Spare: Agriculture and big-site settlements in the Late Pre-Columbian Tewa Basin Pueblo Landscape. Kiva 73(2):155–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anschuetz, K. F., E. Gonzalez, T. Naranjo and S. Smith 2001 Data treatment investigations of AR-03-02-0296/0543 (LA 89391/LA 118494) within the proposed El Rito Cemetery Association special-use permit parcel, El Rito Ranger District, Carson National Forest, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. Rio Grande Foundation for Communities and Cultural Landscapes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barth, F. (ed.) 1969 Ethnic groups and boundaries: The social organization of culture difference. Allen and Unwin, Bergen, Universitetsforlaget.

    Google Scholar 

  • Basso, K. 1996 Wisdom sits in places: Landscape and language among the Western Apache. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beekman, C. S., P. C. Weigland and J. J. Pint 1999 Old World irrigation technology in a New World context: Qanats in Spanish colonial Western Mexico. Antiquity 73(280):440–447.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bentley, G. C. 1987 Ethnicity and practice. Comparative Studies in Society and History 29:24–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdieu, P. 1977 Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, J. 1996 “This Evil Extends...Especially to the Feminine Sex”: Negotiating Captivity in the New Mexico Borderlands. Feminist Studies 22(2):279–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • 2002 Captives and cousins: Slavery, kinship, and community in the Southwest borderlands. Published for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, H. 1973 Interview with Lou Sage Batchen. In The Albuquerque Journal, pp. E–12. WPA ethnography division, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carrillo, C. M. 1997 Hispanic New Mexican pottery: Evidence of craft specialization 1790–1890. LPD Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chance, J. K. and W. B. Taylor 1977 Estate and Class in Colonial Oaxaca: Oaxaca in 1792. Comparative Studies in Society and History 19(3):454–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chavez, F. A. 1979 Genizaros. In Handbook of N. American Indians, vol. 9: edited by A. Ortiz, pp. 198–200. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comer, D. C. 1996 Ritual Ground:Bent’s Old Fort, World Formation, and the Annexation of the Southwest. University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dick, H. 1964 Six Historic Pottery Types. Journal of the Southwest.

    Google Scholar 

  • Domínguez, F. F. A. 1776 (1956) The Missions of New Mexico, 1776: A description. Translated by F. A. Chavez and E. B. Adams. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebright, M. and R. Hendricks 2006 The Witches of Abiquiu: The governor, the priest, the Genizaro Indians, and the Devil. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowles, S. M. 2004 The Making of Made People: The prehistoric evolution of hierocracy among the Northern Tiwa of New Mexico [Ph.D. dissertation], University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez, R. A. 1991 When Jesus came, the Corn Mothers went away: Marriage, sexuality, and power in New Mexico, 1500–1846. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habicht-Mauche, J. 2000 Pottery, food, hides, and women: Labor, production, and exchange across the protohistoric Plains-Pueblo frontier. In Archaeology of Regional Interaction: Religion, Warfare, and Exchange across the American Southwest and Beyond, edited by M. Hegmon, pp. 209–231. University of Arizona Press, Tempe.

    Google Scholar 

  • 2005 The Shifting Role of Women and Women’s Labor on the Late Prehistoric-Protohistoric Southern High Plains. In Gender and hide production, edited by L. Frink and K. Weedman, pp. 37–56. Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, California.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrington, J. P. 1916 The Ethnography of the Tewa Indians. Smithsonian Institution. Copies available from 29th Annual Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvath, S. M. 1977 The Genízaro of eighteenth-century New Mexico: A reexamination. Discovery: 25–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jimenez, P. F. 1972 Methods of Obtaining Title to Property Under Spanish Law. In Land, Law and La Raza: A collection of papers presented for Professor Theodore Parnall's seminar in comparative law. UNM School of Law, Albuquerque, New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • John, E. A. H. 1975 Storms brewed in other men’s worlds. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, O. L. 1979 Los Paisanos:Spanish Settlers on the Northern Frontier of New Spain. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kessel, J. L. 1979 Kiva, cross, and crown: The Pecos Indians and New Mexico, 1540–1840. National Park Service, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidder, T. R. 2004 Plazas as Architecture: An Example from the Raffman Site, Northeast Lousiana. American Antiquity 69(3):514–532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamadrid, E., R. 2003 Hermanitos Comanchito : Indo-Hispano Rituals of Captivity And Redemption. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, R. 1996 Las Casitas Fence Inspection Report (NMCRIS activity 60090). El Rito Ranger District, Carson National Forest.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1997a Las Casitas Adobe Stabilization Proposal Heritage Resources Report (NMCRIS activity 57549). El Rito Ranger District, Carson National Forest.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1997b Las Casitas Testing Proposal Heritage Resources Report (NMCRIS activity 59200). El Rito Ranger District, Carson National Forest.

    Google Scholar 

  • 2002 Casitas Artifact Curation: AR-03-02-02-00002/LA 917(NMCRIS activity 79808). El Rito Ranger District, Carson National Forest.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine, F. 1992 Hispanic household structure in colonial New Mexico. In Current research on the late prehistory and early history of New Mexico, edited by g. e. C. G. Bradley J. Vierra, technical editor, pp. 195–206. 1 ed. Special publication (New Mexico Archaeological Council). vol. 1. New Mexico Archaeological Council, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lightfoot, D. R. and F. W. Eddy 1995 The construction and configuration of Anasazi pebble-mulch gardens in the Northern Rio Grande. American Antiquity 60(3):459–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnaghi, R. M. 1994 The Genízaro experience in Spanish New Mexico. In Spain and the Plains: Myths and realities of Spanish exploration and settlement on the Great Plains, edited by R. H. Vigil, F. W. Kaye and J. R. Wunder, pp. 114–130. University Press of Colorado, Niwot.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, T. 2000 Looking for Adaptation: A comparative and engineering analysis of prehistoric agricultural technologies and techniques in the Southwest. Dissertation, University of New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuttall, Z. 1921 Ordinances concerning the Laying out of new Towns. The Hispanic American Historical Review IV(4):743–753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ortiz, A. 1969 The Tewa World:Space, Time, and Becoming in a Pueblo Society. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, E., Clews 1974 [1929] The Social Organization of the Tewa of New Mexico. In Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association. Kraus Reprint Co., Millwood, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poling-Kempes, L. 1997 Valley of Shining Stone: The story of Abiquiu. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quintana, F. L. and D. H. Snow 1980 Historical Archaeology of the Rito Colorado Valley, New Mexico. Journal of the West 19(3):40–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rael-Gàlvez, E. 2002 Identifying Captivity and Capturing Identity: Narratives of American Indian Slavery, Colorado and New Mexico, 1776–1934., University of Michigan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivera, J. A. 1998 Acequia Culture: Water, land and community in the Southwest. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robin, C. and N. A. Rothschild 2002 Archaeological ethnographies: Social dynamics of outdoor space. Journal of Social Archaeology 2(2):159–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez, S. 1987 Land, Water, and Ethnic Identity in Taos. In land, Water, and Culture: New perspectives on Hispanic land grants, edited by C. L. Briggs and J. R. Van Ness pp. 313–404. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • 2002 Procession and sacred landscape in New Mexico. New Mexico Historical Review 77(1):1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • 2006 Acequia: Water-Sharing, Sanctity, and Place. SAR press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

  • S. Rodriquez,2002 Procession and sacred landscape in New Mexico, New Mexico Historical Review 77(1),1-26

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothschild, N. A. 2003 Colonial Encounters in a Native American Landscape: The Spanish and Dutch in North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons, Marc 1969 Settlement patterns and village plans in Colonial New Mexico. Journal of the West 8:7–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • 1983 New Mexico’s colonial agriculture. Palacio 89(1):3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • 2001 Spanish Pathways: Readings in the History of Hispanic New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skinner, S. A. 1965 A Survey of Field Houses at Sapawe, North Central New Mexico. Southwestern Lore 31(1):18–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spicer, E. H. 1962 Cycles of Conquest: The impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest 1533–1960. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sunseri, J.U. 2009 ``Nowhere to Run, Everywhere to Hide: Multi-scalar identity practices at Casitas Viejas,’ Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swadesh, F. L. 1974 Los primeros pobladores; Hispanic Americans of the Ute frontier. University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Indiana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdez, F. 1979 Vergüenza. Colorado College Studies 15:99–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendorf, F. 1953 Excavations at Te’ewi. In Salvage Archaeology in the Chama Valley, New Mexico, edited by F. Wendorf, pp. 34–93. Monographs of the School of American Research. vol. 17. School of American Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author would like to express his deepest gratitude to the community of El Rito (especially Gonzales, Martinez, and Ussery families) as well as to Robert Lawrence of the US Forest Service. Portions of this research were made possible by funding from the University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, the Wenner Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research, and the University of California Institute for Mexico and the United States.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jun U. Sunseri .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sunseri, J.U. (2010). (Re)Constructing la Tierra de la Guerra: An Indo-Hispano Gendered Landscape on the Rito Colorado Frontier of Spanish Colonial New Mexico. In: Baugher, S., Spencer-Wood, S. (eds) Archaeology and Preservation of Gendered Landscapes. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1501-6_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1501-6_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1500-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1501-6

  • eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics