Abstract
In Part II we described how to estimate a measure of association between an exposure and an end point, often a disease. We are interested in “effects” but are only able to measure associations, and we have several procedures to go through before associations can be called “effects.” Measures of association emerge for all possible reasons and only some of these relate to “effects.” Effect is a causal word to be used with care.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Reference
Last JM (ed.). A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Olsen, J., Christensen, K., Murray, J., Ekbom, A. (2010). Confounding and Bias. In: An Introduction to Epidemiology for Health Professionals. Springer Series on Epidemiology and Public Health, vol 1. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1497-2_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1497-2_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1496-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1497-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)