Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sex and Gender in Sensation and Perception

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alexander, G. M. (2003). An evolutionary perspective of sex-typed toy preferences: Pink, blue, and the brain. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 7–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aloisi, A. M., & Bonifazi, M. (2006). Sex hormones, central nervous system, and pain. Hormones and Behavior, 50, 1–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aloisi, A. M., & Ceccarelli, I., (2000). Role of gonadal hormones in formalin induced pain responses of male rats: Modulation by estradiol and naloxone administration. Neuroscience, 95, 559–566.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amunts, K., Armstrong, E., Malikovic, A., Homke, L., Mohlberg, H., Schleicher, A., et al. (2007). Gender-specific left – right asymmetries in human visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 1356–1364.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Asrani, S., Zou, S., d’Anna, S., Vitale, S., & Zeinier, R. (1999). Noninvasive mapping of the normal retinal thickness at the posterior pole. Ophthalmology, 106, 269–273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartoshuk, L. M., Duffy, V. B., & Miller, I. J. (1994). PTC/PROP tasting: Anatomy, psychophysics, and sex effects. Physiology & Behavior, 56, 1165–1171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatty, W. W. (1982). Dietary variety stimulates appetite in females but not in males. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 19, 212–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benedetti, F. (1997). The sensory and affective components of pain. Behavioral Brain Science, 20, 439–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson, S., Berglund, H., Gulyas, B., Cohen, E., & Savic, I. (2001). Brain activation during odor perception in males and females. Neuroreport, 12, 2027–2033.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berglund, H., Lindström, P., & Savic, I. (2006). Brain response to putative pheromones in lesbian women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 103, 8269–8274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bettner, L. G, Jarvik, L. F., & Blum, J. E. (1971). Stroop color-word test, non psychotic organic brain syndrome, and chromosome loss in aged twins. Journal of Gerontology, 26, 458–469.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bimler, D., & Kirkland, J. (2002). Sex differences in color vision and the salience of color-space axes. Journal of Vision, 2(10), 28a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowen, D. J. (1992). Taste and food preference changes across the course of pregnancy. Appetite, 19, 233–242.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brand, G., & Millot, J. L. (2001). Sex differences in human olfaction: Between evidence and enigma. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54B, 259–270.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandes, J. L. (2006). The influence of estrogen on migraine: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 15, 1824–1830.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buck, L., & Axel, R. (1991). A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell, 65, 175–187.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burg, A. (1966). Visual acuity as measured by dynamic and static tests: A comparative evaluation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 50, 460–466.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burman, D.D., Bitan, T., & Booth, J.R. (2008). Sex differences in neural processing of language among children. Neuropsychologia, 46, 1349–1362.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, C. S. (1998). Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 779–818.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cassidy, J. W., & Ditty, K. M. (2001). Gender differences among newborns on a transient otoacoustic emissions test for hearing. Journal of Music Therapy, 38, 28–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cellerino, A., Borghetti, D., & Sartucci, F. (2004). Sex differences in face gender recognition in humans. Brain Research Bulletin, 63, 443–449.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerone, L. J., & McKeever, W. F. (1998). Mental rotation test performances and familial sinistrality in dextrals with special reference to the bent twig theory. Learning and Individual Differences, 10, 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, L., & Heitkemper, M. M. (2002). Gender differences in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology, 123, 1686–1701.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiappa, K. H., & Hill, R. A. (1997). Brain stem auditory evoked potentials. In K. H. Chiappa (Ed.), Evoked potentials in clinical medicine (3rd ed., pp. 199–268). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christova, P. S., Lewis, S. M., Tagaris, G. A., UÄŸurbil, K., & Georgopoulos, A. P. (2008). A voxel-by-voxel parametric fMRI study of motor mental rotation: Hemispheric specialization and gender differences in neural processing efficiency. Experimental Brain Research, 189, 79–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, R. M., Bilash, I., & Zubeck, J. P. (1959). The effect of age on taste sensitivity. Journal of Gerontology, 14, 56–58.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corballis, M. C. (1997). Mental rotation and the right hemisphere. Brain and Language, 57, 100–121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cowan, R. L., Frederick, B. B., Rainey, M., Levin, J. M., Maas, L. C., Bang, J., et al. (2000). Sex differences in response to red and blue light in human primary visual cortex: A bold fMRI study. Psychiatry Research, 100, 129–138.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craft, R. M. (2007). Modulation of pain by estrogens. Pain, 132, S3–S12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Craft, R. M., Mogil, J. S., & Aloisi, A. M. (2004). Sex differences in pain and analgesia: The role of gonadal hormones. European Journal of Pain, 8, 397–411.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dash, X., & Dash, A. S. (1982). Cognitive developmental studies of the Stroop phenomena: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Indian Psychologist, 1, 24–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Wied, M., & Verbaten, M. N. (2001). Affective pictures processing, attention, and pain tolerance. Pain, 90, 163–172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deeb, S. S., & Motulsky, A. G. (1996). Molecular genetics of human color vision. Behavioral Genetics, 26, 195–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Alessandro, L. M., & Norwich, K. H. (2009). Loudness adaptation measured by the simultaneous dichotic loudness balance technique differs between genders. Hearing Research, 247, 122–127.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Derbyshire, S. W. G., Jones, A. K. P., Devani, P., Friston, K. J., Harris, M., Pearce, S., et al. (1994). Cerebral responses to pain in patients with atypical facial pain measured by positron emission tomography. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry, 57, 1166–1172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Derbyshire, S. W., Nichols, T. E., Firestone, L., Townsend, D. W., & Jones, A. K. (2002). Gender differences in patterns of cerebral activation during equal experience of painful laser stimulation. Journal of Pain, 3, 401–411.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Don, M., Ponton, C. W., Eggermont, J. J., & Masuda, A. (1993). Gender differences in cochlear response time: An explanation for gender amplitude differences in the unmasked auditory brain-stem response. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 94, 2135–2148.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doty, R. L. (1997). Studies of human olfaction from the University of Pennsylvania Smell and Taste Center. Chemical Senses, 22, 565–586.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doty, R. L., Applebaum, S., Zusho, H., & Settle, R. G. (1985). Sex differences in odor identification ability: A crosscultural analysis. Neuropsychologia, 23, 667–672.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy, V. B., Bartoshuk, L. M., Striegel-Moore, R., & Rodin, J. (1998). Taste changes across pregnancy. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 855, 805–809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durrant, J. D., & Lovrinic, J. H. (1995). Bases of hearing sciences (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ektor-Andersen, J., Janzon, L., & Sjölund, B. (1993). Chronic pain and the sociodemographic environment: Results from the Pain Clinic at Malmö General Hospital in Sweden. Clinical Journal of Pain, 9, 183–188.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellermeier, W., & Westphal, W. (1995). Gender differences in pain ratings and pupil reactions to painful pressure stimuli. Pain, 61, 435–439.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • English, K. M., Steeds, R. P., Jones, T. H., Diver, M. J., & Channer, K. S. (2000). Low-dose transdermal testosterone therapy improves angina threshold in men with chronic stable angina: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Circulation, 102, 1906–1911.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Essick, G. K., Choprac, A., Guest, S., & McGlone, F. (2003). Lingual tactile acuity, taste perception, and the density and diameter of fungiform papillae in female subjects. Physiology & Behavior, 80, 289–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, W. J., Cui, L., & Starr, A. (1995). Olfactory event-related potentials in normal human subjects: Effects of age and gender. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 95, 293–301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feine, J. S., Bushnell, M. C., Miron, D., & Duncan, G. H. (1991). Sex differences in the perception of noxious heat stimuli. Pain, 44, 255–262.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fillingim, R. B., & Maixner, W. (1995). Gender differences in response to noxious stimuli. Pain Forum, 4, 209–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillingim, R. B., & Ness, T. J. (2000). Sex-related hormonal influences on pain and analgesic responses. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 484–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finger, T. E., Silver, W. L., & Restrepo, D. (2000). The neurobiology of taste and smell (2nd ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, H., Fransson, P., Wright, C. I., & Bäckman, L. (2004). Enhanced occipital and anterior cingulate activation in men but not in women during exposure to angry and fearful male faces. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 4, 326–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flanagan, M. B., May, J. G., & Dobie, T. G. (2005). Sex differences in tolerance to visually-induced motion sickness. Aviation Space & Environmental Medicine, 76, 642–646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost, J. A., Binder, J. R., Springer, J. A., Hammeke, T. A., Bellgowan, P. S., Rao, S. M., et al. (1999). Language processing is strongly left lateralized in both sexes: Evidence from functional MRI. Brain, 122, 199–208.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frye, C. A., & Demolar, G. L. (1994). Menstrual cycle and sex differences influence salt preference. Physiology & Behavior, 55, 193–197.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Furneaux, E. C., Langley-Evans, A. J., & Langley-Evans, S. C. (2001). Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: Endocrine basis and contribution to pregnancy outcome. Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey, 56, 775–782.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaab, N., Keenan, J. P., & Schlaug, G. (2003). The effects of gender on the neural substrates of pitch memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 810–820.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geschwind, N., & Galaburda, A. M. (1985). Cerebral lateralization: Biological mechanisms, associations, and pathology I. A hypothesis and a program for research. Archives of Neurology, 42, 428–459.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gevins, A., Leong, H., Smith, M. E., Le, J., & Du, R. (1995). Mapping cognitive brain function with modern high-resolution electroencephalography. Trends in Neurosciences, 18, 429–436.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, A. N., & Wysocki, C. J. (1987). The smell survey results. National Geographic, 172, 514–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glanville, E. V., Kaplan, A. R., & Fischer, R. (1964). Age, sex, and taste sensitivity. Journal of Gerontology, 19, 474–478.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, T. M. (2002). Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: an obstetric syndrome. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 186, S184–S189.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gootjes, L., Bruggeling, E. C., Magnée, T., & Van Strien, J. W. (2008). Sex differences in the latency of the late event-related potential mental rotation effect. Neuroreport, 19, 349–353.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gur, R. C., Alsop, D., Glahn, D., Petty, R., Swanson, C. L., Maldjian, J. A., et al. (2000). An fMRI study of sex differences in regional activation to a verbal and a spatial task. Brain and Language, 74, 157–170.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halpern, D. F. (2000). Sex differences in cognitive abilities. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammar, M. L., Lindgren, R., Berg, G. E., Möller, C. G., & Niklasson, M. K. (1996). Effects of hormonal replacement therapy on the postural balance among postmenopausal women. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 88, 955–960.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hampson, E., & Kimura, D. (1988). Reciprocal effects of hormonal fluctuations on human motor and perceptual-spatial skills. Behavioral Neuroscience, 102, 456–459.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harasty, J., Double, K. L., Halliday, G. M., Kril, J. J., & McRitchie, D. A. (1997). Language-associated cortical regions are proportionally larger in the female brain. Archives of Neurology, 54, 171–176.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Rapson, R. L. (1994). Emotional contagion. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hausmann, M., & Güntürkün, O. (2000). Steroid fluctuations modify functional cerebral asymmetries: The hypothesis of progesterone-mediated interhemispheric decoupling. Neuropsychologia, 38, 1362–1374.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hederstierna, C., Hultcrantz, M., Collins, A., & Rosenhall, U. (2007). Hearing in women at menopause. Prevalence of hearing loss, audiometric configuration, and relation to hormone replacement therapy. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 127, 149–155.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heil, M., & Jansen-Osmann, P. (2008). Sex differences in mental rotation with polygons of different complexity: Do men utilize holistic processes, whereas women prefer piecemeal ones? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 683–689.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellstrom, B., & Anderberg, U. M. (2003). Pain perception across the menstrual cycle phases in women with chronic pain. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 96, 201–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henderson, L. A., Gandevia, S. C., & Macefield, V. G. (2008). Gender differences in brain activity evoked by muscle and cutaneous pain: A retrospective study of single-trial fMRI data. Neuroimage, 39, 1867–1876.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoek, H.W., & van Hoeken, D. (2003). Review of the prevalence and incidence of eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 34, 383–396.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hook, E. B. (1978). Dietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 31, 1355–1362.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hultcrantz, M., Simonoska, R., & Stenberg, A. E. (2006). Estrogen and hearing: A summary of recent investigations. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 126, 10–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hund-Georgiadis, M., Lex, U., Friederici, A. D., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2002). Non-invasive regime for language lateralization in right- and left-handers by means of functional MRI and dichotic listening. Experimental Brain Research, 145, 166–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huynh, S. C., Wang, X. Y., Rochtchina, E., & Mitchell, P. (2006). Distribution of macular thickness by optical coherence tomography: Findings from a population-based study of 6-year-old children. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 47, 2351–2357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyde, R. J., & Feller, R. P. (1981). Age and sex effects on taste of sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and caffeine. Neurobiology of Aging, 2, 315–318.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iijima, M., Arisaka, O., Minamoto, F., & Arai, Y. (2001). Sex differences in children’s free drawings: A study on girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Hormones and Behavior, 40, 99–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Israel, J. B., Chesney, G. L., Wickens, C. D., & Dochin, E. (1980). P300 and tracking difficulty: Evidence for multiple resources in dual-task performance. Psychophysiology, 17, 259–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob, S., & McClintock, M. K. (2000). Psychological state and mood effects of steroidal chemosignals in women and men. Hormones and Behavior, 37, 57–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jameson, K. A., Highnote, S. M., & Wasserman, L. M. (2001). Richer color experience in observers with multiple photopigment opsin genes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 244–261.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jönsson, F. U., & Olsson, M. J. (2003). Olfactory metacognition. Chemical Senses, 28, 651–658.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaas, A. L., & Mier, H. I. (2006). Haptic spatial matching in near peripersonal space. Experimental Brain Research, 170, 403–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaergaard, A., Hansen, A. M., Rasmussen, K., & Andersen, J. H. (2000). Association between plasma testosterone and work-related neck and shoulder disorders among female workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, & Health, 26, 292–298.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., & Jessell, T. H. (2000). Principles of neural science (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kansaku, K., Yamaura, A., & Kitazawa, S. (2000). Sex differences in lateralization revealed in the posterior language areas. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 866–872.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, E., & Benardete, E. (2001). The dynamics of primate retinal ganglion cells. Progress in Brain Research, 134, 17–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. R., Glanville, E. V., & Fischer, R. (1965). Cumulative effect of age and smoking on taste sensitivity in males and females. Journal of Gerontology, 20, 334–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, A., Zhuang, H., Chi, Q., Vosshall, L. B., & Matsunami, H. (2007). Genetic variation in a human odorant receptor alters odour perception. Nature, 449, 468–472.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, D. T. (1978). Stimulated acoustic emissions from within the human auditory system. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 64, 1386–1391.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kemp, D. T., Ryan, S., & Bray, P. (1990). A guide to the effective use of otoacoustic emissions. Ear and Hearing, 11, 93–105.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keogh, E., & Birkby, J. (1999). The effect of anxiety sensitivity and gender on the experience of pain. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 813–829.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, M. K., Jaradeh, S., Arndorfer, R. C., Jesmanowicz, A., Hyde, J., & Shaker, R. (2001). Gender differences in cortical representation of rectal distension in healthy humans. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 281, G1512–G1523.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kimberley, B. P., Brown, D. K., & Eggermont, J. J. (1993). Measuring human cochlear traveling wave delay using distortion product emission phase responses. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 94, 1343–1350.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kimble, T. D., & Williams, R. W. (2000). Structure of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in the retinal periphery of adult humans: Analysis as a function of age, sex, and hemifield. Anatomy and Embryology, 201, 305–316.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klosterhalfen, S., Muth, E. R., Kellermann, S., Meissner, K., & Enck, P. (2008). Nausea induced by vection drum: Contributions of body position, visual pattern, and gender. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 79, 384–389.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, S., Smolka, M. N., Wrase, J., Grusser, S. M., Mann, K., Braus, D. F., et al. (2003). The influence of gender and emotional valence of visual cues on FMRI activation in humans. Pharmacopsychiatry, 36 (Suppl. 3), S191–S194.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koelsch, S., Maess, B., Grossmann, T., & Friederici, A. D. (2003). Electric brain responses reveal gender differences in music processing. Neuroreport, 14, 709–713.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korszun, A., Young, E. A., Engleberg, N. C., Masterson, L., Dawson, E. C., Spindler, K., et al. (2000). Follicular phase hypothalamic – pituitary – gonadal axis function in women with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Journal of Rheumatology, 27, 1526–1530.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kring, A. M., & Gordon, A. H. (1998). Sex differences in emotion: Expression, experience, and physiology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 686–703.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuga, M., Ikeda, M., Suzuki, K., & Takeuchi, S. (2002). Changes in gustatory sense during pregnancy. Acta-Oto-Laryngologica, 546 (Suppl.), 146–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulynych, J. J., Vladar, K., Jones, D. W., & Weinberger, D. R. (1994). Gender differences in the normal lateralization of the supratemporal cortex: MRI surface-rendering morphometry of Heschl’s gyrus and the planum temporale. Cerebral Cortex, 4, 107–118.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsson, M., Lövdén, M., & Nilsson, L. G. (2003). Sex differences in recollective experience for olfactory and verbal information. Acta Psychologica, 112, 89–103.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lautenbacher, S., & Rollman, G. B. (1993). Sex differences in responsiveness to painful and non-painful stimuli are dependent upon the stimulation method. Pain, 53, 255–264.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehrner, J. (1993). Gender differences in long-term odor recognition memory: Verbal versus sensory influences and consistency of label use. Chemical Senses, 18, 17–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeResche, L., Mancl, L., Sherman, J. J., Gandara, B., & Dworkin, S. F. (2003). Changes in temporomandibular pain and other symptoms across the menstrual cycle. Pain, 106, 253–261.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levine, M. E., & Stern, R. M. (2002). Spatial task performance, sex differences, and motion sickness susceptibility. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 95, 425–431.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewald, J. (2004). Gender-specific hemispheric asymmetry in auditory space perception. Cognitive Brain Research, 19, 92–99.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • López-Escámez, J. A., Salguero, G., & Salinero, J. (1999). Age and sex differences in latencies of waves I, III, and V in auditory brainstem response of normal hearing subjects. Acta Otorhinolaryngolica, 53, 109–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz, J., Minoshima, S., & Casey, K. L. (2003). Keeping pain out of mind: The role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in pain modulation. Brain, 126, 1079–1091.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maccoby, E. M., & Jacklin, C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod, C. M. (1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163–203.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, D. J., & Hoover, H. D. (1987). Sex differences in educational achievement: A longitudinal study. Journal of Early Adolescence, 7, 65–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClintock, M.K. (1971). Menstrual synchrony and suppression. Nature, 229, 244–245.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McFadden, D. (1993). A speculation about the parallel ear asymmetries and sex differences in hearing sensitivity and otoacoustic emissions. Hearing Research, 68, 143–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McFadden, D. (1998). Sex differences in the auditory system. Developmental Neuropsychology, 14, 261–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGuinness, D. (1974). Equating individual differences for auditory input. Psychophysiology, 11, 113–120.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGuinness, D., & Lewis, I. (1976). Sex differences in visual persistence: Experiments on the Ganzfeld and afterimages. Perception, 5, 295–301.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meagher, M. W., Arnau, R. C., & Rhudy, J. L. (2001). Pain and emotion: Effects of affective picture modulation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63, 79–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meh, D., & Denislic, M. (1994). Quantitative assessment of thermal and pain sensitivity. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 127, 164–169.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, L. M., Nielsen, C., & Mistretta, C. M. (1982). Sucrose taste thresholds. Journal of Gerontology, 37, 64–69.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moriyama, H., Itoh, M., Shimada, K., & Otsuka, N. (2007). Morphometric analysis of fibers of the human vestibular nerve: Sex differences. European Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 264, 471–475.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moulin, A., & Kemp, D. T. (1996). Multicomponent acoustic distortion product otoacoustic emission phase in humans: II. Implications for distortion product otoacoustic emissions generation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 100, 1640–1662.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mountcastle, V. B. (2005). The sensory hand: Neural mechanisms of somatic sensation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, A. D., Johnson, J., & Peters, J. (1990). Fine-tuning of utterance length to preverbal infants: Effects on later language development. Journal of Child Language, 17, 511–525.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neitz, J., Neitz, M., & Jacobs, G. H. (1993). More than three different cone pigments among people with normal color vision. Vision Research, 33, 117–122.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neuhauser, H. K., von Brevern, M., Radtke, A., Lezius, F., Feldmann, M., Ziese, T., et al. (2006). Epidemiology of vestibular vertigo: A neurotologic survey of the general population. Neurology, 65, 898–904.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newcombe, N., Bandura, M. M., & Taylor, D. G. (1983). Sex differences in spatial ability and spatial activities. Sex Roles, 9, 377–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oberg, C., Larsson, M., & Bäckman, L. (2002). Differential sex effects in olfactory functioning: The role of verbal processing. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 8, 691–698.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olofsson, J. K., & Nordin, S. (2004). Gender differences in chemosensory perception and event-related potentials. Chemical Senses, 29, 629–637.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parsons, T. D., Rizzo, A. R., van der Zaag, C., McGee, J. S., & Buckwalter, J. G. (2005). Gender differences and cognition among older adults. Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition, 12, 78–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulson, P. E., Minoshima, S., Morrow, T. J., & Casey, K. L. (1998). Gender differences in pain perception and patterns of cerebral activation during noxious heat stimulation in humans. Pain, 76, 223–229.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, K. E., Rosenhall, U., & Møller, M. B. (1989). Changes in pure-tone thresholds in individuals aged 70–81: Results from a longitudinal study. Audiology, 28, 194–204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, M. D., Lurito, J. T., Dzemidzic, M., Lowe, M. J., Wang, Y., & Mathews, V. P. (2000). Gender-based differences in temporal lobe activation demonstrated using a novel passive listening paradigm. Neuroimage, 11, S352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proverbio, A. M., Brignone, B., Matarazzo, S., Del Zotto, M., & Zani, A. (2006). Gender differences in hemispheric asymmetry for face processing. BMC Neuroscience, 7, 44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rademacher, J., Morosan, P., Schleicher, A., Freund, H. J., & Zilles, K. (2001). Human primary auditory cortex in women and men. Neuroreport, 12, 1561–1565.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rainville, P., Duncan, G. H., Price, D. D., Carrier, B., & Bushnell, M. C., (1997). Pain affect encoded in human anterior cingulate but not somatosensory cortex. Science, 277, 968–971.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhudy, J. L., & Meagher, M. W. (2000). Fear and anxiety: Divergent effects on human pain thresholds. Pain, 84, 65–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rhudy, J. L., & Williams, A. E. (2005). Gender differences in pain: Do emotions play a role? Gender Medicine, 2, 208–226.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richman, R. A., Post, E. M., Sheehe, P. R., & Wright, H. N. (1992). Olfactory performance during childhood: I. Development of an odorant identification test for children. Journal of Pediatrics, 121, 908–911.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, III, J. L., Robinson, M. E., Wise, E. A., & Price, D. D. (1999). A meta-analytic review of pain perception across the menstrual cycle. Pain, 81, 225–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robert, M., Pelletier, J., St-Onge, R., & Berthiaume, F. (1994). Women’s deficiency in water-level representation: Present in visual conditions yet absent in haptic contexts. Acta Psychologica, 87, 19–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, D. W. (1988). Threshold of hearing as a function of age and sex for the typical unscreened population. British Journal of Audiology, 22, 5–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Carmona, M., Sharpe, L. T., Harlow, J. A., & Barbur, J. L. (2008). Sex-related differences in chromatic sensitivity. Visual Neuroscience, 25, 433–440.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rollman, G. B., Abdel-Shaheed, J., Gillespie, J. M., & Jones, K. S. (2004). Does past pain influence current pain? Biological and psychosocial models of sex differences. European Journal of Pain, 8, 427–433.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Royet, J. P., Plailly, J., Delon-Martin, C., Kareken, D. A., & Segebarth, C. (2003). fMRI of emotional responses to odors: Influence of hedonic valence and judgment, handedness, and gender. Neuroimage, 20, 713–728.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sagi, E., D’Alessandro, L. M., & Norwich, K. H. (2007). Identification variability as a measure of loudness: An application to gender differences. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 64–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, H., Sando, L., & Takahashi, H. (1991). Sexual dimorphism in the development of the human cochlea. Acta Otolaryngolica, 111, 1037–1040.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sato, H., Sando, I., & Takahashi, H. (1992). Computer-aided three-dimensional measurement of the human vestibular apparatus. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 107, 405–409.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savic, I. (2002). Sex differentiated hypothalamic activation by putative pheromones. Molecular Psychiatry, 7, 335–336.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savic, I., Berglund, H., Gulyas, B., & Roland, P. (2001). Smelling of odorous sex hormone-like compounds causes sex-differentiated hypothalamic activations in humans. Neuron, 31, 661–668.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savic, I., Berglund, H., & Lindström, P. (2005). Brain response to putative pheromones in homosexual men. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102, 7356–7361.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Savic, I., & Lindström, P. (2008). PET and MRI show differences in cerebral asymmetry and functional connectivity between homo- and heterosexual subjects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 9403–9408.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sax, L. (2006). Why gender matters: What parents and teachers need to know about the emerging science of sex differences. Westminster, MD: Broadway Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schank, J. C. (2001). Menstrual-cycle synchrony: Problems and new directions for research. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115, 3–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schleidt, M., Hold, B., & Attili, G. (1981). A cross-cultural study on the attitude toward personal odours. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 7, 19–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe, L. T., Stockman, A., Jägle, H., & Nathans, J. (1999). Opsin genes, cone photopigments, color vision, and color blindness. In K. R. Gegenfurtner & L. T. Sharpe (Eds.), Color vision: From genes to perception (pp. 3–52). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, X. (2005). Sex differences in perceptual processing: Performance on the color-Kanji Stroop task of visual stimuli. International Journal of Neuroscience, 115, 1631–1641.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science, 17, 701–703.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Small, D. M. (2006). Central gustatory processing in humans. Advances in Oto-rhino-laryngology, 63, 191–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Small, D. M., & Prescott, J. (2005). Odor/taste integration and the perception of flavor. Experimental Brain Research, 166, 345–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smeets, P. A., de Graaf, C., Stafleu, A., van Osch, M. J., Nievelstein, R. A., & van der Grond, J. (2006). Effect of satiety on brain activation during chocolate tasting in men and women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83, 1297–1305.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, S. G., Lee, B. B., White, A. J., Rüttiger, L., & Martin, P. R. (2005). Chromatic organization of ganglion cell receptive fields in the peripheral retina. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 4527–4539.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steindl, R., Kunz, K., Schrott-Fischer, A., & Scholtz, A. W. (2006). Effect of age and sex on maturation of sensory systems and balance control. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 48, 477–482.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stern, K., & McClintock, M. K. (1998). Regulation of ovulation by human pheromones. Nature, 392, 177–179.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Straube, T., Schmidt, S., Weiss, T., Mentzel, H. J., & Miltner, W. H. (2009). Sex differences in brain activation to anticipated and experienced pain in the medial prefrontal cortex. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 689–698.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stuart, A., & Yang, E. Y. (2001). Gender effects in auditory brainstem responses to air-and bone-conducted clicks in neonates. Journal of Communication Disorders, 34, 229–239.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stuck, B. A., Frey, S., Freiburg, C., Hörmann, K., Zahnert, T., & Hummel, T. (2006). Chemosensory event-related potentials in relation to side of stimulation, age, sex, and stimulus concentration. Clinical Neurophysiology, 117, 1367–1375.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stürzebecher, E., & Werbs, M. (1987). Effects of age and sex on auditory brain stem response: A new aspect. Scandavian Audiology, 16, 153–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sulak, P., Willis, S., Kuehl, T., Coffee, A., & Clark, J. (2007). Headaches and oral contraceptives: Impact of eliminating the standard 7-day placebo interval. Headache, 47, 27–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton, S. K., Davidson, R. J., Donzella, B., Irwin, W., & Dottl, D. A. (1997). Manipulating affective state using extended picture presentations. Psychophysiology, 34, 217–226.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton-Smith, B., Rosenberg, B. G., & Morgan, E. E., Jr. (1963). Development of sex differences in play choices during preadolescence. Child Development, 34, 119–128.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thayer, J. F., & Johnsen, B. H. (2000). Sex differences in judgment of facial affect: A multivariate analysis of recognition errors. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 243–246.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen, T., Hugdahl, K., Ersland, L., Barndon, R., Lundervold, A., Smievoll, A. I., et al. (2000). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of sex differences in a mental rotation task. Medical Science Monitor, 6, 1186–1196.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thornton, A. R., Marotta, N., & Kennedy, C. R. (2003). The order of testing effect in otoacoustic emissions and its consequences for sex and ear differences in neonates. Hearing Research, 184, 123–130.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Uher, R., Treasure, J., Heining, M., Brammer, M. J., & Campbell, I. C. (2006). Cerebral processing of food-related stimuli: Effects of fasting and gender. Behavioural Brain Research, 169, 111–119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ungerleider, L. G., & Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical pathways. In D. J. Ingle, M. A. Goodale, & R. J. W. Mansfield (Eds.), Analysis of visual behavior (pp. 549–586). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unruh, A. M. (1996). Gender variation in clinical pain experience. Pain, 65, 123–167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Toller, C., Kirk-Smith, M., Wood, N., Lombard, J., & Dodd, G. H. (1983). Skin conductance and subjective assessments associated with the odour of a 5-a-androstenone-3-one. Biological Psychology, 16, 85–107.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vereeck, L., Wuyts, F., Truijen, S., & Van de Heyning, P. (2008). Clinical assessment of balance: Normative data, and gender and age effects. International Journal of Audiology, 47, 67–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Von Korff, M., Dworkin, S. F., Le Resche, L., & Kruger, A. (1988). An epidemiologic comparison of pain complaints. Pain, 32, 173–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wakitani, Y., Sasoh, M., Sugimoto, M., Ito, Y., Ido, M., & Uji, Y. (2003). Macular thickness measurements in healthy subjects with different axial lengths using optical coherence tomography. Retina, 23, 177–182.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wallentin, M. (2009) Putative sex differences in verbal abilities and language cortex: A critical review. Brain & Language, 108, 175–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wansink, B., Cheney, M. M., & Chan, N. (2003). Exploring comfort food preferences across age and gender. Physiology & Behavior, 79, 739–747.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, D. R. (1996). The effects of cochlear hearing loss, age and sex on the auditory brainstem response. Audiology, 35, 246–258.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, J., & Zillmann, D. (1994). Effect of humor and tragedy on discomfort tolerance. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 78, 632–634.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiffenbach, J. M., Baum, B. J., & Burghauser, R. (1982). Taste thresholds: Quality specific variation with human aging. Journal of Gerontology, 37, 372–377.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weis, S., Hausmann, M., Stoffers, B., Vohn, R., Kellermann, T., & Sturm, W. (2008). Estradiol modulates functional brain organization during the menstrual cycle: An analysis of interhemispheric inhibition. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 13401–13410.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weisenberg, M., Aviram, O., Wolf, Y., & Raphaeli, N. (1984). Relevant and irrelevant anxiety in the reaction to pain. Pain, 20, 371–383.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weisenberg, M., Tepper, I., & Schwarzwald, J. (1995). Humor as a cognitive technique for increasing pain tolerance. Pain, 63, 207–212.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weller, A., & Weller, L. (1993). Menstrual synchrony between mothers and daughters and between roommates. Physiology & Behavior, 53, 943–949.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weller, L., Weller, A., & Roizman, S. (1999). Human menstrual synchrony in families and among close friends: Examining the importance of mutual exposure. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113, 261–268.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whissell-Buechy, D., & Wills, C. (1989). Male and female correlations for taster (P.T.C.) phenotypes and rate of adolescent development. Annals of Human Biology, 16, 131–146.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wild, B., Erb, M., & Bartels, M. (2001). Are emotions contagious? Evoked emotions while viewing emotionally expressive faces: quality, quantity, time course and gender differences. Psychiatry Research, 102, 109–124.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, H. C. (1992). A critical review of menstrual synchrony research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 17, 565–591.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, A. C., Chan, C. W., & Hui, S. P. (2005). Relationship of gender, body mass index, and axial length with central retinal thickness using optical coherence tomography. Eye, 19, 292–297.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Woods, S. C., Gotoh, K., & Clegg, D. J. (2003). Gender differences in the control of energy homeostasis. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 228, 1175–1180.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wrase, J., Klein, S., Gruesser, S. M., Hermann, D., Flor, H., Mann, K., et al. (2003). Gender differences in the processing of standardized emotional visual stimuli in humans: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience Letters, 348, 41–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wysocki, C. J., & Gilbert, A. N. (1989). National Geographic smell survey: Effects of age are heterogeneous. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 561, 12–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamauchi, Y., Endo, S., & Yoshimura, I. (2002). A new whole-mouth gustatory test procedure: II. Effects of aging, gender, and smoking. Acta Otolaryngolica, 546 (suppl.), 49–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yousem, D. M., Maldjian, J. A., Siddiqi, F., Hummel, T., Alsop, D. C., Geckle, R. J., et al. (1999). Gender effects on odorstimulated functional magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Research, 818, 480–487.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zozulya, S., Echeverri, F., & Nguyen, T. (2001). The human olfactory receptor repertoire. Genome Biology, 2(6), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuidhoek, S., Kappers, A.M., & Postma, A. (2007). Haptic orientation perception: Sex differences and lateralization of functions. Neuropsychologia, 45, 332–341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zylan, K. D. (1996). Gender differences in the reasons given for meal termination. Appetite, 26, 37–44.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Connecticut College, New London, CT, USA

    Joseph A. Schroeder

Authors
  1. Joseph A. Schroeder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Connecticut College, Mohegan Avenue 270, New London, 06320, U.S.A.

    Joan C. Chrisler

  2. Elm Street 38, Toronto, M5G 2K5, Canada

    Donald R. McCreary

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Schroeder, J.A. (2010). Sex and Gender in Sensation and Perception. In: Chrisler, J., McCreary, D. (eds) Handbook of Gender Research in Psychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1465-1_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation