Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Interventions in the Pathways Model

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Pathways to Illness, Pathways to Health

  • 1592 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter details multilevel intervention plans based on the principles and concepts underlying the Pathways Model. The main focus of the Level One interventions is to reestablish normal biological rhythms that have been disrupted by conditioning, stress, or trauma. Skill building is the main objective of the Level Two interventions, for example, developing relaxation skills to calm the body, exercising to improve physical condition, and redirecting the mind towards positive thoughts. The Level Three interventions consist of more sophisticated psychophysiological and medical interventions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achterberg, J. (1985). Imagery in healing. Boston: Shambala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Achterberg, J., & Lawlis, F. (1984). Imagery and disease: Image Ca, Image Sp, Image Db: A diagnostic tool for behavioral medicine. Champagn, IL: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alberti, R., & Emmons, M. (2008). Your perfect right. Atascadero, CA: Impact Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baer, R. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 125–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Causes and treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brody, A. L., Saxena, S., Stoessel, P., Gillies, L. A., Fairbanks, L. A., Alborzian, S., et al. (2001). Regional brain metabolic changes in patients with major depression treated with either Paroxetine or interpersonal therapy: Preliminary findings. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58(7), 631–640.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buscemi, N., Vandermeer, B., Friesen, C., Bialy, L., Tubman, M., Ospina, M., et al. (2005). Manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment (Summary), 125, 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, D. (1997). The Mozart effect: Tapping the power of music to heal the body, strengthen the mind, and unlock the creative spirit. New York: Avon Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalgard, O. S., Bjork, S., & Tambs, K. (1995). Social support, negative life events and mental health. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 29–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M., Eshelman, E. R., & McKay, M. (2008a). Breathing. In M. Davis, E. R. Eshelman, & M. Mc Kay (Eds.), The relaxation and stress reduction workbook (pp. 27–40). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M., Eshelman, E. R., & McKay, M. (2008b). Progressive relaxation. In M. Davis, R. Eshelman, & M. Mc Kay (Eds.), The relaxation and stress reduction workbook (pp. 41–46). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinges, D. F., Pack, F., Williams, K., Gillen, K. A., Powell, J. W., Ott, G. E., et al. (1997). Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4–5 hours per night. Sleep, 20, 267–277.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duclos, S. E., & Laird, J. D. (2001). The deliberate control of emotional experience through control of expressions. Cognition & Emotion, 15(1), 27–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eriksen, H. R. A., Olff, M., Murison, R., & Ursine, H. (1999). The time dimension in stress responses: Relevance for survival and health. Psychiatry Research, 85, 39–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flack, W. F., Jr., Laird, J. D., & Cavallaro, L. A. (1999). Separate and combined effects of facial expressions and bodily postures on emotional feelings. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29(2/3), 203–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fruzzetti, A. E., & Iverson, K. M. (2004). Mindfulness, acceptance, validation and “individual” psychopathology in couples. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance (pp. 168–192). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giardino, N. D., Lehrer, P. M., & Feldman, J. M. (2000). The role of oscillations in self-regulation: Their contribution to homeostasis. In D. Kenny, J. G. Carlson, J. F. McGuigan, & J. L. Sheppard (Eds.), Stress and health: Research and clinical application (pp. 27–51). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goleman, D. (2006). Social intelligence. New York: Random House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, J. S. (2008). Unstuck: Your guide to the seven-stage journey out of depression. New York: The Penguin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton, N. A., Catley, D., & Karlson, C. (2007). Sleep and the affective response to stress and pain. Health Psychology, 26, 288–295.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, S. C., & Pierson, H. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy. In A. Freeman, S. H. Felgoise, A. M. Nezu, C. M. Nezu, & M. A. Reinecke (Eds.), Encyclopedia of cognitive behavioral therapy, Part I (pp. 1–4). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2003). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes, J. (1994). Brief dynamic psychotherapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 1, 9–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, J. W., Tomlinson, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Davidson, J., Sketch, M. H., & Watkins, L. L. (2004). Social support and religiosity as coping strategies for anxiety in hospitalized cardiac patients. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 28(3), 179–185.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jevning, R., Anand, R., & Biedebach, M. (1996). Effects on regional cerebral blood flow of transcendental meditation. Physiology & Behavior, 59(3), 399–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kandel, E. R. (1998). A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 155(4), 457–469.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever you go, there you are: Mindfulness meditation in everyday life. New York: Hyperion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lau, M. A., Segal, Z. V., & Zaretsky, A. E. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral therapies for the medical clinic. In D. Moss, A. McGrady, T. C. Davies, & I. Wickramasekera (Eds.), Handbook of mind-body medicine for primary care (pp. 167–179). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lazar, S. W., Kerr, C. E., Wasserman, R. H., Gray, J. R., Greve, D. N., Treadway, M. T., et al. (2005). Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness. Neuroreport, 16(17), 1893–1897.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lehrer, P., & Carrington, P. (2003). Progressive relaxation, autogenic training and meditation. In D. Moss, A. McGrady, T. C. Davies, & I. Wickramasekera (Eds.), Handbook of mind-body medicine for primary care (pp. 137–149). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Leproult, R., Copinschi, G., Buxton, O., & Van Cauter, E. (1997). Sleep loss results in an elevation of cortisol levels the next evening. Sleep, 20, 865–870.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Linehan, M. M., Schmidt, H., Dimeff, L. A., Craft, J. C., Kanter, J., & Comtois, K. A. (1999). Dialectical behavior therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder and drug dependence. The American Journal on Addictions, 8(4), 279–292.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCall, T. (2007). Yoga as medicine: The Yogic prescription for health and healing. New York: Bantam Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • McEwen, B. S. (2003). Early life influences on life-long patterns of behavior and health. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 9, 149–154.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, S. (2005). Imagery: Inner theater becomes reality. In S. Murphy (Ed.), The sport psych handbook (pp. 128–151). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, G. J., & Mills, P. J. (2004). Keeping it simple: Encouraging walking as a means of active living. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 28(3), 149–151.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olstad, R., Sexton, H., & Sogaard, A. J. (2001). The Finnmark Study. A prospective population study of the social support buffer hypothesis, specific stressors and mental distress. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 36, 582–589.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J. W. (1999). Forming a story: The health benefits of narrative. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(10), 1243–1254.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sapolsky, R. M. (2003). Stress and plasticity in the limbic system. Neurochemical Research, 28, 1735–1742.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schore, A. N. (2002). Dysregulation of the right brain: A fundamental mechanism of traumatic attachment and the psychopathogenesis of post traumatic stress disorder. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36, 9–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, N. M., & Schwartz, M. S. (2003). Definitions of biofeedback and applied psychophysiology. In M. S. Schwartz & F. Andrasik (Eds.), Biofeedback: A practitioner’s guide (3rd ed., pp. 27–39). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Segal, Z. V., Teasdale, J. D., & Williams, J. M. G. (2004). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: Theoretical rationale and empirical status. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance (pp. 45–65). New York: The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, F., & Moss, D. (2006). Biofeedback. In C.-S. Yuan & E. J. Bieber (Eds.), Textbook of complementary and alternative medicine (2nd ed., pp. 291–312). Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK: Informa Healthcare.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sime, W. (2007). Exercise therapy for stress management. In P. M. Lehrer, R. L. Woolfolk, & W. E. Sime (Eds.), Principles and practice of stress management (3rd ed., pp. 333–359). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Surcinelli, P., Rossi, N., Montebarocci, O., & Baldaro, B. (2010). Adult attachment styles and psychological disease: Examining the mediating role of personality traits. Journal of Psychology, 144(6), 523–535.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., & Williams, J. M. G. (1995). How does cognitive therapy prevent depressive relapse and why should attentional control (mindfulness) training help? Behavior Research and Therapy, 33, 25–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Dixhoorn, J. (2007). Whole-body breathing. A systems perspective on respiratory retraining. In P. M. Lehrer, R. L. Woolfolk, & W. E. Sime (Eds.), Principles and practice of stress management (3rd ed., pp. 291–332). New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, E., Fukuda, S., Hara, H., Maeda, Y., Ohira, H., & Shirakawa, T. (2006). Differences in relaxation by means of guided imagery in a healthy community sample. Alternative Therapies, 12(2), 60–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Widmaier, E. P., Raff, H., & Strang, K. (2004). Vander, Sherman & Luciano’s human physiology (9th ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yapko, M. (2003). Trancework: An introduction to the practice of clinical hypnosis (3rd ed.). New York: Brunner-Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, J. S. (2005). A wellness perspective on the management of stress. In J. E. Myers & T. J. Sweeney (Eds.), Counseling for wellness: Theory, research and practice (pp. 207–215). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yucha, C., & Montgomery, D. (2008). Evidence-based practice in biofeedback and neurofeedback. Wheat Ridge, CO: Association for Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohar, D., Tzischinsky, O., Epstein, R., & Lavie, P. (2005). The effects of sleep loss on medical residents’ emotional reactions to work events: A cognitive-energy model. Sleep, 28, 47–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA

    Angele McGrady Ph.D.

  2. School of Mind-Body Medicine, Saybrook University, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Donald Moss Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Angele McGrady Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Donald Moss Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McGrady, A., Moss, D. (2013). Interventions in the Pathways Model. In: Pathways to Illness, Pathways to Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1379-1_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation