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Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology pp 101–121Cite as

Cerebrovascular Disease and Disorders

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Abstract

Cerebrovascular diseases are a common cause of cognitive impairment in adults and a clinically significant cause of cognitive disability in children. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are the main types of cerebrovascular disease. Risk factors for stroke, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic evaluation and treatment are discussed for each category of cerebrovascular disease, and differences across the life span are highlighted. Mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction due to cerebrovascular disorders are discussed. An approach to the neuropsychological assessment of children and adults with cerebrovascular disease is provided, emphasizing specific domains most commonly affected by stroke and common methods used to evaluate function. These include intellectual functioning, language, memory, attention and neglect, executive function, higher-order visual processing skills, fine motor and sensory function, and emotional and behavioral function. Issues unique to acute assessment are discussed. Long-term outcome and promising treatments are also described.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The authors and copyright holders are William J. Ernst, Psy.D., University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Cooper Hospital; N. William Walker, Ed.D., James Madison University; and Gary Simpson, M.S., University of Minnesota.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Sabrina E. Smith

  2. Department of Psychology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Juliana Sanchez Bloom

  3. Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Nancy Minniti

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  1. Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Market Street 3535, Philadelphia, 19104, USA

    Carol L. Armstrong

  2. Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA

    Lisa Morrow

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Smith, S.E., Bloom, J.S., Minniti, N. (2010). Cerebrovascular Disease and Disorders. In: Armstrong, C., Morrow, L. (eds) Handbook of Medical Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1364-7_6

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