Skip to main content

Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Verrucae, Condylomata Acuminata, and Molluscum Contagiosum Lesions

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 1122 Accesses

Abstract

The use of ALA-PDT has been shown to be successful for the treatment of recalcitrant verrucae, condylomata acuminata, and molluscum contagiosum lesions. Studies have shown that ALA-PDT is a useful modality for these lesions and that it should be considered when confronted with a patient with any of these viral conditions. Additional studies are warranted to further evaluate protocols used, light sources, and incubation times, to determine how to make the therapy even more appealing to clinicians and patients alike.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Jeffes EW, McCullough JL, Weinstein GD, Kaplan R, Glazer SD, Taylor JR. Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratoses with topical aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride and fluorescent blue light. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45:96–104.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Stender IM. Treatment of human papilloma virus. In: Goldman MP, editor. Photodynamic therapy. Munich: Elsevier; 2005. p. 77–88.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bourke JF, Berth-Jones J, Hutchinson PE. Cryotherapy of common viral warts at intervals of 1, 2, and 3 weeks. Br J Dermatol. 1995;132:433–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Logan RA, Zachary CB. Outcome of carbondioxide laser therapy for persistent cutaneous viral warts. Br J Dermatol. 1989;121:99.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tan OT, Hurwitz TM, Stafford TJ. Pulsed dye laser treatment of recalcitrant verrucae, a premliminary report. Lasers Surg Med. 1993;13:127–37.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hirose R, Hori M, Shukuwa R, Udono M, Yamada M, Koide T, et al. Topical treatment of resistant warts with glutaraldehyde. J Dermatol. 1994;21:248–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bunney MH, Nolan MW, Williams DA. An assessment of methods of treating viral warts by comparative treatment trials based on standard design. Br J Dermatol. 1976;94:667–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Halasz CL. Treatment of common warts using the infrared conagulator. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1994;20:252–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Brodell RT, Breadle DL. The treatment of palmar and plantar warts using natural alpha interferon and a needleless injector. Dermatol Surg. 1995;21:213–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. James MP, Collier PM, Aherne W, Hardcastle A, Lovegrove S. Histologic, pharmacologic and immunocytochemical effects of injection of bleomycin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1993;28:933–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Shah KC, Patel RM, Umrigar DP. Dinitroclorobenzene treatment of verrucae plana. J Dermatol. 199118(11):639–42.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Schneede P. Genital human papillomarvirus infections. Curr Opin Urol. 2002;12:57–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Siegfried EC. Warts and molluscum contagiosum on children: an approach to therapy. Dermatol Ther. 1997;2:51–67.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Verbov J. How to manage warts. Arch Der Child. 1999;80:97–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lewis EJ, Lam M, Crutchfield CE. An update on molluscum contagiosum. Cutis. 1997;60:29–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Husar K, Skerlev M. Molluscum contagiosum from infancy to maturity. Clin Dermatol. 2002;20:170–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Coldiron BM, Bergstresser PR. Prevalence and clinical spectrum of skin disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Dermatol. 1989;125:357–61.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Czelasta A, Yen-Moore A, Vander Straten M, Carrasco D, Tyring SK. An overview of sexually transmitted diseases. Part III. Sexually transmitted diseases in HIV-infected patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;43:409–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Schwartz JJ, Myskowsk PL. Molluscum contagiosum in patients with humanimmunodeficiency virus infection: a review of twenty-seven patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;27:583–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lowy DR. Molluscum contagiosum. In: Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, et al., editors. Dermatology in general medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1999. p. 2478–81.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Matis WL, Triana A, Shapiro R, Eldred L, Polk BF, Hood AF. Dermatologic findings associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987;17(5 Pt 1):746–51.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Goodman DS, Teplitz ED, Wishner A, Klein RS, Burk PG, Hershenbaum E. Prevalence of cutaneous disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987;17(2 Pt 1):210–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Schwartz JJ, Myskowski PL. Molluscum contagiosum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A review of twenty-seven patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;27(4):583–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Epstein WL, Senecal I, Krasnobrod H. Viral antigens in human epidermal tumors: localization of an antigen to molluscum contagiosum. J Invest Dermatol. 1963;40:51.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kwittken J. Molluscum contagiosum: some new histologic observations. Mt Sina J Med. 1980;47:583.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ammann R, Hunziker T, Braathen LR. Topical photodynamic therapy in verrucae. Dermatology. 1995;191:346–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Smetana Z, Malik Z, Orenstein A, et al. Treatment of viral infections with 5-aminolevulinic acid and light. Lasers Surg Med. 1997;21:351–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Stender IM, Na R, Fogh H, et al. Photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid or placebo for recalcitrant foot and hand warts: randomized double-blind trial. Lancet. 2000;355:963–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Fabbrocini G, Costanzo M, Riccardo A, et al. Photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid for the treatment of plantar warts. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2001;61(1–2):30–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Stender IM, Lock-Andersen J, Wulf HC. Recalcitrant hand and foot warts successfully treated with photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid: a pilot study. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1999;24(3):154–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mizuki D, Kaneko T, Hanada K. Successful treatment of topical photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid for plane warts. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149(5):1087–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Smucler R, Jatsova E. Comparative study of aminolevulic acid photodynamic therapy plus pulsed dye laser versus pulsed dye laser alone in treatment of viral warts. Photomed Laser Surg. 2005;23(2):202–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gold MH, Pope A. Fractional resurfacing aiding photodynamic therapy of a recalcitrant plantar verruca – a case report & review of the literature. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2008;1(1):30–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Stefanaki IM, Georgiou S, Themelis GC, et al. In vivo fluorescence kinetics and photodynamic therapy in condylomata acuminate. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149:972–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Wang XL, Wang HW, Wang HS, et al. Topical 5-aminovaevulinic clylomata acuminate. Br J Dermatol. 2004;151:880–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Chen K, Chang BZ, Ju M, et al. Comparative study of photodynamic therapy vs CO2 laser vaporization in treatment of condylomata acuminate, a randomized clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156:516–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Liang J, Lu XN, Tang H, et al. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy using topical aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride in the treatment of condylomata acuminata: a comparative, randomized clinical trial. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2009;25(6):293–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Gold MH. The Use of ALA-PDT in the treatment of recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in HIV/AIDS affected individuals. J Laser Surg Med. 2003;15(Suppl):40.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Moiin A, Gold MH. Treatment of verrucae vulgaris and molluscum contagiosum with photodynamic therapy. Dermatol Clin. 2007;25:75–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael H. Gold .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Gold, M.H. (2011). Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Verrucae, Condylomata Acuminata, and Molluscum Contagiosum Lesions. In: Gold, M. (eds) Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1298-5_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1298-5_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-1297-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-1298-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics