Abstract
Transparency means making evidence evident. An observational study that is not transparent may be overwhelming or intimidating, but it is unlikely to be convincing. Several aspects of transparency are briefly discussed.
The beliefs we have most warrant for, have no safeguard to rest on, but a standing invitation to the whole world to prove them unfounded. If the challenge is not accepted, or is accepted and the attempt fails, we are far enough from certainty still; but we have done the best the existing state of human reason admits of… ? This is the amount of certainty attainable by a fallible being, and this is the sole way of attaining it.
John Stuart Mill [4, page 21]
The objectivity of all science, including mathematics, is inseparably linked with its criticizability.
Karl R. Popper [6, page 137]
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Rosenbaum, P.R. (2010). Transparency. In: Design of Observational Studies. Springer Series in Statistics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1213-8_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1213-8_6
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