Abstract
Cortical stimulation for restoring vision presents researchers with many challenges and questions. The extent of the human visual cortex varies up to 50% from one individual to another, cortical folding and sulci limit the area of implantation, and surgical difficulties make it difficult to implant electrodes to produce phosphenes in the whole visual space. Researchers are faced with question such as: which electrodes to use – surface electrodes that are easy to implant or intracortical fine-metal electrodes that have lower current requirements and have five times better resolution? How many phosphenes will be enough to give limited, but useful vision? How will cortical physiology affect phosphene maps? Will percepts be distinct dots or complex in nature? What will be the long term response to stimulation? Will the brain adapt to seeing through dotted images? Some of these questions can be answered by conducting human psychophysical tests.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- f MRI:
-
functional Magnetic resonance imaging
- LGN:
-
Lateral geniculate nucleus
- V1:
-
Striate cortex or primary visual cortex
- V2:
-
Prestriate cortex or secondary visual cortex
- V3:
-
Third visual complex
References
Brindley GS (1970), Sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the occipital poles of the cerebral hemispheres, and their use in constructing visual prostheses. Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 47(2): p. 106–8.
Brindley GS (1982), Effects of electrical stimulation of the visual cortex. Hum Neurobiol, 1(4): p. 281–3.
Brindley GS, Lewin WS (1968), The sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex. J Physiol, 196(2): p. 479–93.
Cha K, Horch K, Normann RA (1992), Simulation of a phosphene-based visual field: visual acuity in a pixelized vision system. Ann Biomed Eng, 20(4): p. 439–49.
Cha K, Horch KW, Normann RA (1992), Mobility performance with a pixelized vision system. Vision Res, 32(7): p. 1367–72.
Cha K, Horch KW, Normann RA, Boman DK (1992), Reading speed with a pixelized vision system. J Opt Soc Am A, 9(5): p. 673–7.
DeYoe EA, Carman GJ, Bandettini P, et al. (1996), Mapping striate and extrastriate visual areas in human cerebral cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 93(6): p. 2382–6.
Dobelle WH, Mladejovsky MG (1974), Phosphenes produced by electrical stimulation of human occipital cortex, and their application to the development of a prosthesis for the blind. J Physiol, 243(2): p. 553–76.
Dobelle WH, Mladejovsky MG, Girvin JP (1974), Artificial vision for the blind: electrical stimulation of visual cortex offers hope for a functional prosthesis. Science, 183(123): p. 440–4.
Dobelle WH, Turkel J, Henderson DC, Evans JR (1979), Mapping the representation of the visual field by electrical stimulation of human visual cortex. Am J Ophthalmol, 88(4): p. 727–35.
Dougherty RF, Koch VM, Brewer AA, et al. (2003), Visual field representations and locations of visual areas V1/2/3 in human visual cortex. J Vis, 3(10): p. 586–98.
Holmes G (1918), Disturbances of vision by cerebral lesions. Br J Ophthalmol, 2(7): p. 353–84.
Horton JC, Hoyt WF (1991), The representation of the visual field in human striate cortex. A revision of the classic Holmes map. Arch Ophthalmol, 109(6): p. 816–24.
Kaido T, Hoshida T, Taoka T, Sakaki T (2004), Retinotopy with coordinates of lateral occipital cortex in humans. J Neurosurg, 101(1): p. 114–8.
Lee HW, Hong SB, Seo DW, et al. (2000), Mapping of functional organization in human visual cortex: electrical cortical stimulation. Neurology, 54(4): p. 849–54.
Levy I, Hasson U, Avidan G, et al. (2001), Center-periphery organization of human object areas. Nat Neurosci, 4(5): p. 533–9.
McFadzean R, Brosnahan D, Hadley D, Mutlukan E (1994), Representation of the visual field in the occipital striate cortex. Br J Ophthalmol, 78(3): p. 185–90.
McFadzean RM, Hadley DM, Condon BC (2002), The representation of the visual field in the occipital striate cortex. Neuroophthalmology, 27(1–3): p. 55–78.
Schmidt EM, Bak MJ, Hambrecht FT, et al. (1996), Feasibility of a visual prosthesis for the blind based on intracortical microstimulation of the visual cortex. Brain, 119 (Pt 2): p. 507–22.
Srivastava NR, Troyk PR, Dagnelie G (2009), Detection, eye-hand coordination and virtual mobility performance in simulated vision for a cortical visual prosthesis device. J Neural Eng, 6(3): p. 035008.
Stensaas SS, Eddington DK, Dobelle WH (1974), The topography and variability of the primary visual cortex in man. J Neurosurg, 40(6): p. 747–55.
Wandell BA, Brewer AA, Dougherty RF (2005), Visual field map clusters in human cortex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 360(1456): p. 693–707.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Srivastava, N.R. (2011). Simulations of Cortical Prosthetic Vision. In: Dagnelie, G. (eds) Visual Prosthetics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0754-7_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0754-7_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0753-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0754-7
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)