Abstract
A precise knowledge of the microstructures of the myocardium such as myocyte organization and myofiber orientation is necessary to better understand material and functional properties of the tissue. By characterizing the diffusion of water exerted by its molecular environment, magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional histology for mapping tissue fibers and offers advantages of being nondestructive, relatively convenient, and inherently 3D. This chapter presents assessments and modeling of myocardial structures via diffusion tensor imaging, including their principles, validation, applications, and potential directions for future development.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Guccione JM, McCulloch, AD, Waldman LK. Passive material properties of intact ventricular myocardium determined from a cylindrical model. J Biomech Eng. 1991;113(1):42–55.
Taccardi B, Macchi E, Lux RL, Ershler PR, Spaggiari S, Baruffi S, Vyhmeister Y. Effect of myocardial fiber direction on epicardial potentials. Circulation. 1994;90(6):3076–3090.
Streeter DD, Jr., Spotnitz HM, Patel DP, Ross J Jr., Sonnenblick EH. Fiber orientation in the canine left ventricle during diastole and systole. Circ Res. 1969;24(3):339–347.
Basser PJ. Inferring microstructural features and the physiological state of tissues from diffusion-weighted images. NMR Biomed. 1995;8(7–8):333–344.
Stejskal EO, Tanner JE. Spin diffusion measurements: spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient. J Chem Phys. 1965;42:288.
Mattiello J., Basser, PJ, Le Bihan D.. Analytical expressions for the b matrix in NMR diffusion imaging and spectroscopy. J Magn Reson A. 1994;108(2):121–141.
Basser PJ, Mattiello, J., LeBihan D.. Estimation of the effective self-diffusion tensor from the NMR spin echo. J Magn Reson B. 1994;103(3):247–254.
Pierpaoli C., Basser PJ. Toward a quantitative assessment of diffusion anisotropy. Magn Reson Med. 1996;36:893–906.
Jones DK, Horsfield, MA, Simmons A.. Optimal strategies for measuring diffusion in anisotropic systems by magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med. 1999;42(3):515–525.
Papadakis NG, Xing D., Huang CL, Hall, LD, Carpenter TA. A comparative study of acquisition schemes for diffusion tensor imaging using MRI. J Magn Reson. 1999;137(1):67–82.
Mistry NN, Hsu EW. Retrospective distortion correction for 3D MR diffusion tensor microscopy using mutual information and Fourier deformations. Magn Reson Med. 2006;56(2):310–316.
Rohde GK, Barnett AS, Basser PJ, Marenco, S., Pierpaoli C.. Comprehensive approach for correction of motion and distortion in diffusion-weighted MRI. Magn Reson Med. 2004;51(1):103–114.
Stejskal EO. Use of spin echoes in a pulsed magnetic-field gradient to study aniosotropic, restricted diffusion and flow. J Chem Phys. 1965;43(10):2597–3603.
Cleveland GG, Chang DC, Hazlewood, CF, Rorschach HE. Nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of skeletal muscle: anisotropy of the diffusion coefficient of the intracellular water. Biophys J. 1976;16(9):1043–1053.
Warach S., Mosley M, Sorensen, AG, Koroshetz W.. Time course of diffusion imaging abnormalities in human stroke. Stroke. 1996;27(7):1254–1256.
Garrido L., Wedeen VJ, Kwong KK, Spencer, UM, Kantor HL. Anisotropy of water diffusion in the myocardium of the rat. Circ Res. 1994;74(5):789–793.
Hsu EW, Muzikant AL, Matulevicius SA, Penland, RC, Henriquez CS. Magnetic resonance myocardial fiber-orientation mapping with direct histological correlation. Am J Physiol. 1998;274(5 Pt 2):H1627–34.
Scollan DF, Holmes A, Winslow, R, Forder J.. Histological validation of myocardial microstructure obtained from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Physiol. 1998;275(6 Pt 2):H2308–18.
Holmes AA, Scollan, DF, Winslow RL. Direct histological validation of diffusion tensor MRI in formaldehyde-fixed myocardium. Magn Reson Med. 2000;44(1):157–161.
Jiang Y, Pandya K, Smithies O, Hsu EW. Three-dimensional diffusion tensor microscopy of fixed mouse hearts. Magn Reson Med. 2004;52(3):453–460.
Hsu EW, Buckley DL, Bui JD, Blackband, SJ, Forder JR. Two-component diffusion tensor MRI of isolated perfused hearts. Magn Reson Med. 2001;45(6):1039–1045.
Schmid P, Jaermann T, Boesiger P, Niederer PF, Lunkenheimer PP, Cryer, CW, Anderson RH. Ventricular myocardial architecture as visualised in postmortem swine hearts using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2005;27(3):468–472.
Helm PA, Tseng HJ, Younes L, McVeigh, ER, Winslow RL. Ex vivo 3D diffusion tensor imaging and quantification of cardiac laminar structure. Magn Reson Med. 2005;54(4): 850–859.
Walker JC, Guccione JM, Jiang Y, Zhang P, Wallace AW, Hsu EW, Ratcliffe MB. Helical myofiber orientation after myocardial infarction and left ventricular surgical restoration in sheep. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2005;129(2):382–390.
Jiang Y, Guccione JM, Ratcliffe MB, Hsu EW. Transmural heterogeneity of diffusion anisotropy in the sheep myocardium characterized by MR diffusion tensor imaging. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2007;293(4):H2377–H2384.
Scollan DF, Holmes A, Zhang, J, Winslow RL. Reconstruction of cardiac ventricular geometry and fiber orientation using magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Biomed Eng. 2000;28(8):934–944.
Haber I., Friehs I., Jiang Y., Del Nido, PJ, Hsu E. Diffusion tensor imaging of left ventricular hypertrophy. in International Society of Magnetic Resonance Thirteenth Scientific Meeting. 2005, Miami Beach, FL.
Chen J, Liu W, Zhang H, Lacy L, Yang X, Song SK, Wickline, SA, Yu X.. Regional ventricular wall thickening reflects changes in cardiac fiber and sheet structure during contraction: quantification with diffusion tensor MRI. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;289(5):H1898–H18907.
Reese TG, Weisskoff RM, Smith RN, Rosen BR, Dinsmore, RE, Wedeen VJ. Imaging myocardial fiber architecture in vivo with magnetic resonance. Magn Reson Med. 1995;34(6):786–791.
Guccione JM, Costa, KD, McCulloch AD. Finite element stress analysis of left ventricular mechanics in the beating dog heart. J Biomech. 1995;28(10):1167–1177.
Tranquillo JV, Hlavacek, J, Henriquez CS. An integrative model of mouse cardiac electrophysiology from cell to torso. Europace. 2005;7 Suppl 2:56–70.
Hsu EW, Henriquez CS. Myocardial fiber orientation mapping using reduced encoding diffusion tensor imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2001;3(4):339–347.
LeGrice IJ, Smaill BH, Chai LZ, Edgar SG, Gavin, JB, Hunter PJ. Laminar structure of the heart: ventricular myocyte arrangement and connective tissue architecture in the dog. Am J Physiol. 1995;269(2 Pt 2):H571–H582.
Helm P, Beg MF, Miller, MI, Winslow RL. Measuring and mapping cardiac fiber and laminar architecture using diffusion tensor MR imaging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1047:296–307.
Chen J, Song SK, Liu W, McLean M, Allen JS, Tan J, Wickline, SA, Yu X.. Remodeling of cardiac fiber structure after infarction in rats quantified with diffusion tensor MRI. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2003;285(3):H946–H954.
Tseng WY, Dou J, Reese, TG, Wedeen VJ. Imaging myocardial fiber disarray and intramural strain hypokinesis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;23(1):1–8.
Helm PA, Younes L, Beg MF, Ennis DB, Leclercq C, Faris OP, McVeigh E, Kass D, Miller MI, Winslow RL. Evidence of structural remodeling in the dyssynchronous failing heart. Circ Res. 2006;98(1):125–132.
Dou J, Tseng WY, Reese, TG, Wedeen VJ. Combined diffusion and strain MRI reveals structure and function of human myocardial laminar sheets in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 2003;50(1):107–113.
Dou J, Reese TG, Tseng, WY, Wedeen VJ. Cardiac diffusion MRI without motion effects. Magn Reson Med. 2002;48(1):105–114.
Wu M, Tseng W, Su M, Liu C, Chiou K, Wedeen V, Reese T, Yang C.. Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging mapping the fiber architecture remodeling in human myocardium after infarction: correlation with viability and wall motion. Circulation. 2006;114:1036–1045.
Khamayseh AK, Kuprat AP. Deterministic point inclusion methods for computational applications with complex geometry. Comput Sci Discov. Volume, 22Â pp
Anderson KP, Walker R, Urie P, Ershler PR, Lux RL, Karwandee SV. Myocardial electrical propagation in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Clin Invest. 1993;92(1):122–140.
Prinzen FW, Cheriex EC, Delhaas T, van Oosterhout MF, Arts T, Wellens, HJ, Reneman RS. Asymmetric thickness of the left ventricular wall resulting from asynchronous electric activation: a study in dogs with ventricular pacing and in patients with left bundle branch block. Am Heart J. 1995;130(5):1045–1053.
Helm P.. A novel technique for quantifying variability of cardiac anatomy: application to the dyssynchronous failing heart. John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 2005.
Ashikaga H, Criscione JC, Omens JH, Covell, JW, Ingels NB Jr.. Transmural left ventricular mechanics underlying torsional recoil during relaxation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2004;286(2):H640–H647.
Omens JH, Covell JW. Transmural distribution of myocardial tissue growth induced by volume-overload hypertrophy in the dog. Circulation. 1991;84(3):1235–1245.
Mansfield P.. Multi-planar image formation using NMR spin echoes. J Phys C: Solid State Phys. 1977;10:L55–L58.
Pruessmann KP, Weiger M, Scheidegger, MB, Boesiger P.. SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1999;42(5):952–962.
Alexander DC, Pierpaoli C, Basser, PJ, Gee JC. Spatial transformations of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2001;20(11):1131–1139.
Kuprat AP, Mosso SJ. Efficient algorithms for mapping cell quantities between overlapped 3D unstructured meshes. Los Alamos National Laboratory Report LA-UR-05-5084, 2005.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hsu, E.W., Healy, L.J., Einstein, D.R., Kuprat, A.P. (2010). Imaging-Based Assessment and Modeling of the Structures of the Myocardium. In: Guccione, J., Kassab, G., Ratcliffe, M. (eds) Computational Cardiovascular Mechanics. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0730-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0730-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0729-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0730-1
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)