Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Stromal Cells and Tumor Milieu: PDGF et al.

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cancer Genome and Tumor Microenvironment

Part of the book series: Cancer Genetics ((CANGENETICS))

  • 1170 Accesses

Abstract

Initiation of the desmoplastic reaction associated with cancer depends on PDGF (Shao et al., 2000). Similarly, PDGF is one of the most potent chemoattractants and activators of fibroblasts, stimulating their differentiation into myofibroblasts, which represent a prominent stromal cell type in carcinomas.  Although a translocation resulting in a fusion product between PDGF and COL1A (which encodes type I collagen) is associated with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, no mutations in either members of the PDGF family or their receptors have been identified in carcinomas. However, aberrant PDGF signaling has been observed in carcinomas where it promotes desmoplasia and tumor progression (reviewed by Tejada et al.,2006), due to increased secretion of PDGF by tumor cells and/or higher levels of expression of PDGF receptors on stromal fibroblasts (Ebert et al., 1995). In the following chapter, we discuss the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and how stromal cells may impact tumor evolution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acharya PS, Zukas A, Chandan V, Katzenstein AL and Puré E (2006) Fibroblast Activation Protein: a Serine Protease Expressed at the Remodeling Interface in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Hum Pathol 37: 352–360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderberg C, Li H, Fredriksson L, Andrae J, Betsholtz C, Li X, Eriksson U and Pietras K (2009) Paracrine Signaling by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-CC Promotes Tumor Growth by Recruitment of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Cancer Res 69: 369–378.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bar J, Feniger-Barish R, Lukashcguk N, Shaham H, Moskovits N, Goldfinger N, Simansky D, Perlman M, Papa M, Yosepovitch A, Rechavi G, Rotter V and Oren M (2008) Cancer cells suppress p53 in adjacent fibroblasts. Oncogene 28: 933–936.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauer S, Jendro M, Wadle A, Kleber S, Stenner F, Dinser R, Reich A, Faccin E, Godde S, Dinges H, Muller-Ladner U and Renner C (2006) Fibroblast Activation Protein Is Expressed by Rheumatoid Myofibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 8: R171.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhowmick NA and Moses HL (2005) Tumor-Stroma Interactions. Curr Opin Genet Dev 15: 97–101.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bignotti E, Tassi RA, Calza S, Ravaggi A, Bandiera E, Rossi E, Donzelli C, Pasinetti B, Pecorelli S and Santin A D (2007) Gene Expression Profile of Ovarian Serous Papillary Carcinomas: Identification of Metastasis-Associated Genes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 196: 245.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen WT and Kelly T (2003) Seprase Complexes in Cellular Invasiveness. Cancer Metastasis Rev 22: 259–269.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen ML, Pittet MJ, Gorelik L, Flavell RA, Weissleder R, von Boehmer H and Khazaie K (2005) Regulatory T Cells Suppress Tumor-Specific CD8 T Cell Cytotoxicity Through TGFβ Signals in Vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102: 419–424.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen ST, Pan TL, Juan HF, Chen TY, Lin YS and Huang CM (2008) Breast Tumor Microenvironment: Proteomics Highlights the Treatments Targeting Secretome. J Proteome Res 7: 1379–1387.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng JD, Dunbrack RL Jr, Valianou M, Rogatko A, Alpaugh RK and Weiner LM (2002) Promotion of Tumor Growth by Murine Fibroblast Activation Protein, a Serine Protease, in an Animal Model. Cancer Res 62: 4767–4772.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng JD, Valianou M, Canutescu AA, Jaffe EK, Lee HO, Wang H, Lai JH, Bachovchin WW and Weiner LM (2005a) Abrogation of Fibroblast Activation Protein Enzymatic Activity Attenuates Tumor Growth. Mol Cancer Ther 4: 351–360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng N, Bhowmick NA, Chytil A, Gorksa AE, Brown KA, Muraoka R, Arteaga CL, Neilson EG, Hayward SW and Moses HL (2005b) Loss of TGF-[Beta] Type II Receptor in Fibroblasts Promotes Mammary Carcinoma Growth and Invasion Through Upregulation of TGF-[Alpha]-, MSP- and HGF-Mediated Signaling Networks. Oncogene 24: 5053–5068.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christian S, Winkler R, Helfrich I, Boos AM, Besemfelder E, Schadendorf D and Augustin HG (2008) Endosialin (Tem1) Is a Marker of Tumor-Associated Myofibroblasts and Tumor Vessel-Associated Mural Cells. Am J Pathol 172: 486–494.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Darby IA and Hewitson TD (2007) Fibroblast Differentiation in Wound Healing and Fibrosis, in International Review of Cytology, A Survey of Cell Biology Kwang WJ ed. Academic Press, pp 143–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Wever O and Mareel M (2003) Role of Tissue Stroma in Cancer Cell Invasion. J Pathol 200: 429–447.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duffy MJ, McGowan PM and Gallagher WM (2008) Cancer Invasion and Metastasis: Changing Views. J Pathol 214: 283–293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ebert M, Yokoyama M, Friess H, Kobrin MS, Buchler MW and Korc M (1995) Induction of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor A and B Chains and Over-expression of Their Receptors in Human Pancreatic Cancers. Int J Cancer 62: 529–535.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Egeblad M, Littlepage LE and Werb Z (2005) The Fibroblastic Coconspirator in Cancer Progression. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 70: 383–388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elenbaas B and Weinberg RA (2001) Heterotypic Signaling Between Epithelial Tumor Cells and Fibroblasts in Carcinoma Formation. Exp Cell Res 264: 169–184.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukino K, Shen L Matsumoto S, Morrison CD, Mutter GL and Eng C (2004) Combined Total Genome Loss of Heterozygosity Scan of Breast Cancer Stroma and Epithelium Reveals Multiplicity of Stromal Targets. Cancer Res 64: 7231–7236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaggioli C, Hooper S, Hidalgo-Carcedo C, Grosse R, Marshall J F, Harrington K and Sahai E (2007) Fibroblast-Led Collective Invasion of Carcinoma Cells with Differing Roles for RhoGTPases in Leading and Following Cells. Nat Cell Biol 9: 1392–1400.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanahan D and Weinberg RA (2000) The Hallmarks of Cancer. Cell 100: 57–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hill R, Song Y, Cardiff RD and Van Dyke T (2005) Selective Evolution of Stromal Mesenchyme With P53 Loss in Response to Epithelial Tumorigenesis. Cell 123: 1001–1011.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hinz B, Celetta G, Tomasek JJ, Gabbiani G and Chaponnier C (2001) Alpha-smooth Muscle Actin Expression Upregulates Fibroblast Contractile Activity. Mol Biol Cell 12: 2730–2741.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu L et al. (2004) Association of vimentin overexpression and hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Oncogene 23: 298–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hwang RF, Moore T, Arumugam T, Ramachandran V, Amos KD, Rivera A, Ji B, Evans DB and Logsdon CD (2008) Cancer-Associated Stromal Fibroblasts Promote Pancreatic Tumor Progression . Cancer Res 68: 918–926.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ji H et al. (2007) LKB1 Modulates Lung Cancer Differentiation and Metastasis. Nature 448: 807–811.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiaris H, Chatzistamou I, Trimis G, Frangou-Plemmenou M, Pafiti-Kondi A and Kalofoutis A (2005) Evidence for Nonautonomous Effect of P53 Tumor Suppressor in Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 65: 1627–1630.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koyama H, Kobayashi N, Harada M, Takeoka M, Kawai Y, Sano K, Fujimori M, Amano J, Ohhashi T, Kannagi R , Kimata K, Taniguchi S and Itano N (2008) Significance of Tumor-Associated Stroma in Promotion of Intratumoral Lymphangiogenesis: Pivotal Role of a Hyaluronan-Rich Tumor Microenvironment. Am J Pathol 172: 179–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krtolica A, Parrinello S, Lockett S, Desprez PY and Campisi J (2001) Senescent Fibroblasts Promote Epithelial Cell Growth and Tumorigenesis: A Link Between Cancer and Aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci 98: 12072–12077.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurose K, Hoshaw-Woodard S, Adeyinka A, Lemeshow S, Watson PH and Eng PH (2001) Genetic Model of Multi-step Breast Carcinogenesis Involving the Epithelium and Stroma: Clues to Tumour-Microenvironment Interactions. Hum Mol Genet 10: 1907–1913.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lafkas D, Trimis G, Papavassiliou AG and Kiaris H (2008) P53 Mutations in Stromal Fibroblasts Sensitize Tumors Against Chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 123: 967–971.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen K, Macleod D, Nihlberg K, Gurcan E, Bjermer L , Marko-Varga G and Westergren-Thorsson G (2006) Specific Haptoglobin Expression in Bronchoalveolar Lavage During Differentiation of Circulating Fibroblast Progenitor Cells in Mild Asthma. J Proteome Res 5: 1479–1483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawler J and Detmar M (2004) Tumor Progression: The Effects of Thrombospondin-1 and -2. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36: 1038–1045.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levy ML, McCaughan GW, Abbott CA, Park JE, Cunningham AM, Müller E, Rettig WJ and Gorrell MD (2002) Fibroblast Activation Protein: A Cell Surface Dipeptidyl Peptidase and Gelatinase Expressed by Stellate Cells at the Tissue Remodelling Interface in Human Cirrhosis. Hepatol 29: 1768–1778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liang P, Hong JW, Ubukata H, Liu G, Katano M, Motohashi G, Kasuga T, Watanabe Y, Nakada I and Tabuchi T (2005) Myofibroblasts Correlate With Lymphatic Microvessel Density and Lymph Node Metastasis in Early-Stage Invasive Colorectal Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 25: 2705–2712.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maffini MV, Soto AM, Calabro JM, Ucci AA and Sonnenschein C (2003) The Stroma as a Crucial Target in Rat Mammary gland Carcinogenesis. J Cell Sci 117:1495–1502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto N, Yoshida T, Yamashita K, Numata Y and Okayasu I (2003) Possible Alternative Carcinogenesis Pathway Featuring Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer Stroma. Br J Cancer 89: 707–712.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matziari M, Dive V and Yiotakis A (2007) Matrix Metalloproteinase 11 (MMP-11; Stromelysin-3) and Synthetic Inhibitors. Med Res Rev 27: 528–552.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moinfar F, Man YG, Arnould L, Bratthauer GL, Ratschek M and Tavassoli FA (2000) Concurrent and Independent Genetic Alterations in the Stromal and Epithelial Cells of Mammary Carcinoma: Implications for Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 60: 2562–2566.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller MM and Fusenig NE (2004) Friends or Foes – Bipolar Effects of the Tumour Stroma in Cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 4: 839–849.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicco C, Laurent A, Chereau C, Weill B and Batteux F (2005) Differential Modulation of Normal and Tumor Cell Proliferation by Reactive Oxygen Species. Biomed Pharmacother 59: 169–174.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niedermeyer J, Scanlan MJ, Garin-Chesa P, Daiber C, Fiebig HH, Old LJ, Rettig WJ and Schnapp A (1997) Mouse Fibroblast Activation Protein: Molecular Cloning, Alternative Splicing and Expression in the Reactive Stroma of Epithelial Cancers. Int J Cancer 71: 383–389.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noel A, Jost M and Maquoi E (2008) Matrix Metalloproteinases at Cancer Tumor-Host Interface. Semin Cell Dev Biol 19: 52–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orend G and Chiquet-Ehrismann R (2006) Tenascin-C Induced Signaling in Cancer. Cancer Lett 244: 143–163.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostman A (2004) PDGF Receptors-Mediators of Autocrine Tumor Growth and Regulators of Tumor Vasculature and Stroma. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 15: 275–286.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park JE, Lenter MC, Zimmerman RA, Garin-Chesa P, Old LJ and Rettig WJ (1999) Fibroblast Activation Protein, a Dual Specificity Serine Protease Expressed in Reactive Human Tumor Stromal Fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 274: 36505–36512.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parrinello S, Samper E, Krtolica A, Goldstein J, Melov S and Campisi J (2003) Oxygen Sensitivity Severely Limits the Replicative Lifespan of Murine Fibroblasts. Nat Cell Biol 5: 741–747.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson RF, Ulbright TM, MacLennan GT, Zhang S, Pan CX, Sweeney CJ, Moore CR, Foster RS, Koch MO, Eble JN and Cheng L (2003) Molecular Genetic Alterations in the Laser-Capture-Microdissected Stroma Adjacent to Bladder Carcinoma. Cancer 98: 1830–1836.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pazzolli E, Luo X, Brehm S, Carbery K, Chung J-J, Prior JL, Doherty J, Demehri S, Salavaggione L, Piwnica-Worms D and Stewart SA (2009) Senescent Stromal-Derived Osteopontin Promotes Preneoplastic Cell Growth. Cancer Res 69: 1230–1239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pelham RJ, Rodgers L, Hall I, Lucito R, Nguyen KCQ , Navin N, Hicks J, Mu D, Powers S, Wigler M and Botstein D (2006) Identification of Alterations in DNA Copy Number in Host Stromal Cells During Tumor Progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci 103: 19848–19853.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pietras K, Sjoblom T, Rubin K, Heldin C-H and Ostman A (2003) PDGF Receptors as Cancer Drug Targets. Cancer Cell 3: 439–443.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radisky ES and Radisky DC (2007) Stromal Induction of Breast Cancer: Inflammation and Invasion. Rev Endocr Metab Discord 8: 279–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radisky DC, Kenny PA and Bissell MJ (2007) Fibrosis and Cancer: Do Myofibroblasts Come Also From Epithelial Cells Via EMT? J Cell Biochem 101: 830–839.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramaekers FC, Haag D, Kant A, Moesker O, Jap PH and Voojis GP (1983) Coexpression of kertain- and vimentin-type intermediate filaments in human metastatic carcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 80: 2618–2622.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez-Montagut T, Blachere N E, Sviderskaya E V, Bennett D C, Rettig W J, Garin-Chesa P and Houghton AN (2004) FAPalpha, a Surface Peptidase Expressed During Wound Healing, Is a Tumor Suppressor. Oncogene 23: 5435–5446.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Cespedes M, Parrella O, Esteller M, Nomoto S, Trink B, Engles JM, Westra WH, Herman JG and Sidransky D (2002) Inactivation of LKB1/STK11 Is a Common Event in Adenocarcinomas of the Lung. Cancer Res 62: 3659–3662.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schurch W, Seemayer T A and Legace R (1981) Stromal Myofibroblasts in Primary Invasive and Metastatic Carcinomas. A Combined Immunological, Light and Electron Microscopic Study. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 391: 125–139.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shao ZM, Nguyen M and Barsky SH (2000) Human Breast Carcinoma Desmoplasia Is PDGF Initiated. Oncogene 19: 4337–4345.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sid B, Sartelet H, Bellon G, El Btaouri H, Rath G, Delorme N, Haye B and Martiny L (2004) Thrombospondin 1: A Multifunctional Protein Implicated in the Regulation of Tumor Growth. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 49: 245–258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silzle T, Randolph GJ, Kreutz M and Kunz-Schughart LA (2004) The Fibroblast: Sentinel Cell and Local Immune Modulator in Tumor Tissue. Int J Cancer 108: 173–180.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Speroni L, de los Angeles Bustuoabad V, Gasparri J, Chiaramoni NS, Taira MC, Ruggiero RA and del Valle Alonso S (2009) Alternative Site of Implantation Affects Tumor Malignancy and Metastatic Potential in Mice. Cancer Biol Ther 8: 1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stojic J, Hagemann C, Haas S, Herbold C, Kuhnel S, Gerngras S, Roggendorf W, Roosen K and Vince GH (2008) Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases MMP-1, MMP-11 and MMP-19 Is Correlated With the WHO-Grading of Human Malignant Gliomas. Nerosci Res 60: 40–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Storz P (2005) Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Progression. Front Biosci 10: 1881–1896.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tejada ML, Yu L, Dong J, Jung K, Meng G, Peale FV, Frantz GD, Hall L, Liang X, Gerber HP, and Ferrara N (2006) Tumor-Driven Paracrine Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha Signaling Is a Key Determinant of Stromal Cell Recruitment in a Model of Human Lung Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 12:2676–2688.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tlsty TD and Hein PW (2001) Know Thy Neighbor: Stromal Cells Can Contribute Oncogenic Signals. Curr Opin Genet Dev 11: 54–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tomasek JJ, Gabbiani G, Hinz B, Chaponnier C and Brown RA (2002) Myofibroblasts and Mechano-Regulation of Connective Tissue Remodelling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3: 349–363.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trebaul A, Chan EK and Midwood KS (2007) Regulation of Fibroblast Migration by Tenascin-C. Biochem Soc Trans 35: 695–697.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trimboli AJ, Fukino K, de Bruin A, Wei G, Shen L, Tanner SM, Creasap N, Rosol TJ, Robinson ML, Eng C, Ostrowski MC and Leone G (2008) Direct Evidence for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 68: 937–945.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai KK, Chuang EY, Little JB and Yuan ZM (2005) Cellular Mechanisms for Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation-Induced Perturbation of the Breast Tissue Microenvironment. Cancer Res 65: 6734–6744.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuhkanen H, Anttila M, Kosma VM, Yla-Herttuala S, Heinonen S, Kuronen A, Juhola M, Tammi R and Mannermaa A (2004) Genetic Alterations in the Peritumoral Stromal Cells of Malignant and Borderline Epithelial Ovarian Tumors as Indicated by Allelic Imbalance on Chromosome 3p. Int J Cancer 109: 247–252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaahtomeri K, Bentela E, Laajanen K, Katajisto P, Wipff P-J, Hinz B, Vallenius T, Tiainen M and Makela TP (2008). Lkb1 Is Required for TGFβ-Mediated Myofibroblast Differentiation. J Cell Sci 121: 3531–3540.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walter K, Omura N, Hong SM, Griffith M and Goggins M (2008) Pancreatic Cancer Associated Fibroblasts Display Normal Allelotypes. Cancer Biol Ther 7: 882–888.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webber J, Meran S, Steadman R and Phillips A (2009). Hyaluronan Orchestrates TGF-β1 Dependent Maintenance of Myofibroblast Phenotype. J Biol Chem 284: 9083–9092.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wernert N, Locherbach C, Wellmann A, Behrens P and Hugel A (2001) Presence of Genetic Alterations in Microdissected Stroma of Human Colon and Breast Cancers. Anticancer Res 21: 2259–2264.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wicki A and Christofori G (2007) The Potential Role of Podoplanin in Tumour Invasion. Br J Cancer 96: 1–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wipff PJ, Rifkin DB, Meister JJ and Hinz B (2007) Myofibroblast Contraction Activates Latent TGF- 1 From the Extracellular Matrix. J Cell Biol 179: 1311–1323.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuang ZG, Di GH, Shen ZZ, Ding J and Shao ZM (2006) Enhanced Expression of LKB1 in Breast Cancer Cells Attenuates Angiogenesis, Invasion, and Metastasic Potential. Mol Cancer Res 4: 843–849.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Michele Jacob & Ellen Puré

Authors
  1. Michele Jacob
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ellen Puré
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ellen Puré .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Civic Center Blvd. 3615, Philadelphia, 19104, U.S.A.

    Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jacob, M., Puré, E. (2010). Stromal Cells and Tumor Milieu: PDGF et al.. In: Thomas-Tikhonenko, A. (eds) Cancer Genome and Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Genetics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0711-0_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation