Abstract
Worldwide population and water use trends indicate that management of water supplies for urban areas will be a critical issue in the twenty-first century. Between 2005 and 2050, global population is expected to increase from 6.5 billion to over 9.2 billion, with population living in urban areas increasing from 3.2 billion to 6.4 billion (UN 2006; 2007). Such population growth will place increasing pressure on available water supplies for cities, as will water demands for industrial production associated with economic development. Current predictions of global non-agricultural water demands indicate a continuing uptrend in withdrawals, assuming continuation of existing consumption patterns (Rosegrant et al. 2002; Shen et al. 2008; 2030 Water Resources Group 2009). Given that 90% of the 3.2 billion person increase in urban populations by 2050 will be in developing countries (UN 2007), clearly there will be immense pressure to build additional infrastructure to supply water for cities over the next 40 years in the developing world.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
[ACOE] US Army Corps of Engineers. 1998. Water allocation for the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint (ACF) River Basin, main report of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Federal Register 63:53023–53024.
[ACOE] US Army Corps of Engineers. 2003. Scoping summary: Moffat Collection System project. Wyoming Regulatory Office. Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Albano, C. 2006. Structural and functional responses of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities to streamflow diversion in Rocky Mountain streams. Masters Thesis. Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO.
Andrews, E. D. 1980. Effective and bankfull discharges of streams in the Yampa River Basin, Colorado and Wyoming. Journal of Hydrology 46:311–330.
Annear, T., I. Chisholm, H. Beecher, A. Locke, P. Aarestad, C. Coomer, C. Estes, J. Hunt, R. Jacobson, G. Jobsis, J. Kauffman, J. Marshall, K. Mayes, G. Smith, C. Styalnaker and R. Wentworth. 2004. Instream flows for riverine resource stewardship, revised edition. Instream Flow Council, Cheyenne, WY.
Arthington, A. H. and Pusey, B. J. 2003. Flow restoration and protection in Australian rivers. River Research and Applications 19:377–395.
Arthington, A. H., S. E. Bunn, N. L. Poff and R. J. Naiman. 2006. The challenge of providing environmental flow rules to sustain river ecosystems. Ecological Applications 16:1311–1318.
Bovee, K.D., Waddle, T.J., Bartholow, J., and Burris, L. 2007. A decision support framework for water management in the upper Delaware River: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007–1172, 122 p.
Bunn, S.E. and Arthington, A.H. 2002. Basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimes for aquatic biodiversity. Environmental Management, 30:492–507.
[CSWRCB] California State Water Resources Control Board. 1994. Final Environmental Impact Report for the Review of Mono Basin Water Rights of the City of Los Angeles. (12 July 2004; www.monobasinresearch.org/images/mbeir/fititlepage.pdf)
Costanza, R., R. d’Arge, R. de Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, S. Naeem, K. Limburg, J. Paruelo, R.V. O’Neill, R. Raskin, P. Sutton, and M. van den Belt. 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387:253–260.
Denver Board of Water Commissioners. 2002. Water for tomorrow: the history, results, projections and update of the integrated resource plan. Denver, Colorado.
Elliot, W. P. 1998. Delaware River Basin releases from a trout’s perspective. Clearwaters., New York Water Environment Association, Inc., Spring 1998, 37–42.
Esselman, P. C. and Opperman, J. J. In press. Overcoming information limitations for the prescription of an environmental flow regime for a Central American river. Ecology and Society.
FitzHugh TW, Richter BD. 2004. Quenching urban thirst: growing cities and their impacts on freshwater ecosystems. BioScience, 54:741–754.
Gleick, P.H. 2000. The changing water paradigm: A look at twenty-first century water resources development. Water International 25:127–138.
Hogarty, R.A. 1970. The Delaware River Drought Emergency. Bobbs-Merrill Company: Inter-University Case Program. 53 p.
Homa ES, RM Vogel, MP Smith, CD Apse, A Huber-Lee, J Sieber, 2005. An Optimization Approach for Balancing Human and Ecological Needs. Proceedings of the EWRI 005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, ASCE, Anchorage, Alaska.
Hundley N Jr. 2001. The Great Thirst: Californians and Water—A History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hydrologics, Inc., 2008. What is OASIS with OCL?: Product Fact Sheet (29 August 2008; http://www.hydrologics.net/pdf/oasis.pdf)
Lellis, W. A. 2001. Freshwater mussel survey of the upper Delaware Scenic and Recreation River: Qualitative survey 2000. Wellsboro, PA, U.S. Geological Survey-Northern Appalachian Research Laboratory: 56.
Maharaj, V., McGurrin J., and Carpenter J. 1998. The Economic Impact of Trout Fishing on the Delaware River Tailwaters in New York. Prepared for the American Sportfishing Association and Trout Unlimited. 28 p.
Mathews, R. and Richter, B.D. 2007. Application of the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration Software in Environmental Flow Setting. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 43(6):1400–1413.
McCarthy, J. M. 2008. Factors influencing ecological recovery downstream of diversion dams in Southern Rocky Mountain streams. Masters Thesis. Colorado State University. Fort Collins, CO.
NOAA. 2006. Fishing Communities of the U.S. 2006. (April 22, 2009; http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st5/publication/fisheries_communities.html)
[NYCDEP] New York City Department of Environmental Protection. 1998. Drought Management Plan and Rules. (www.nyc.gov/html/dep/pdf/droughtp.pdf)
[NYC DEP] New York City Department of Environmental Protection. 2007. New York City 2007 Drinking Water Supply and Quality Report. (29 August 2008; http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/pdf/wsstate07.pdf)
[NYC DEP] New York City Department of Environmental Protection. 2008. History of Drought and Water Consumption (29 August 2008; http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/drinking_water/droughthist.shtml
Poff NL, Allan JD, Bain MB, Karr JR, Prestegaard KL, Richter BD, Sparks RE, Stromberg JC. 1997. The natural flow regime: a paradigm for river conservation and restoration. BioScience 47:769–784.
Poff et al. 2009. The Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA): A New Framework for Developing Regional Environmental Flow Standards. Freshwater Biology 55(1):147–170.
Postel, S. and Richter, B. 2003. Rivers for Life: Managing Water for People and Nature, Island Press, Washington, D.C.
Power M.E., Sun A., Parker G., Dietrich W.E., and Wootton J.T. 1995. Hydraulic Food-Chain Models. BioScience, 45:159–167.
Revenga C, Brunner J, Henninger N, Kassem K, and Payne R. 2000. Pilot Analysis of Global Ecosystems: Freshwater Systems. Washington (DC): World Resources Institute.
Richter, B.D., Baumgartner, J.V., Powell, J., and Braun, D.P., 1996. A Method for Assessing Hydrologic Alteration within Ecosystems. Conservation Biology, 10:1163–1174.
Richter, B.D., Baumgartner, J.V., Wigington, R., and Braun, D.P. 1997. How much water does a river need? Freshwater Biology, 37:231–249.
Richter, B.D. 2007. Meeting Urban Water Demands While Protecting Rivers. A Case Study from the Rivanna River in Virginia. Journal of the American Water Works Association, June 2007.
Richter BD, Mathews R, Harrison DL, and Wigington R. 2003. Ecologically sustainable water management: managing river flows for ecological integrity. Ecol Appl. 13:206–24.
Richter, B. D., and G. A. Thomas. 2007. Restoring environmental flows by modifying dam operations. Ecology and Society 12(1):12. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss1/art12/
Richter, B. D., A. T. Warner, J. L. Meyer, and K. Lutz. 2006. A collaborative and adaptive process for developing environmental flow recommendations. River Research and Applications 22:297–318.
Rosegrant MW, X Cai and SA Cline, 2002. Global Water Outlook to 2025: Averting an Impending Crisis, A Report Summary of the 2020 Vision for Food, Agriculture and the Environment Initiative, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington DC and International Water Management Institute, Colombo.
Ryan, S. 1997. Morphologic response of subalpine streams to transbasin flow diversions. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 33:839–854.
Shen Y, T Oki, N Utsumi, S Kanae, and N Hanasaki, 2008. Projection of future world water resources under SRES scenarios: water withdrawal, Hydrol. Sci. J., 53(1), Feburary, pp.11–33.
Shiau, J. T. and Wu, F. C. 2006. Compromise programming methodology for determining instream flow under multiobjective water allocation criteria, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 42(5), 1179–1191.
Shiau, J. T. and Wu, Fu-Chun, 2007a. “A dynamic corridor-searching algorithm to seek time-varying instream flow releases for optimal weir operation: Comparing three indices of overall hydrologic alteration”, River Research and Applications, 23:35–53.
Shiau, J. T. and Wu, F. C. 2007b. Pareto-optimal solutions for environmental flow schemes incorporating the intra-annual and interannual variability of the natural flow regime, Water Resources Research, 43(6), W06433, doi:10.1029/2006WR005523.
Tharme R.E. 2003. A global perspective on environmental flow assessment: emerging trends in the development and application of environmental flow methodologies for rivers. River Research and Applications 19(5–6):397.
Troendle, C.A. and Olsen, W.K. 1994. Potential effects of timber harvest and water management on streamflow dynamics and sediment transport. pp. 34–41 In: Sustainable Ecological Systems Proceedings, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, GTR RM-247.
[UN] United Nations. 2007. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database. http://esa.un.org/unup/
[UN] United Nations. 2006. World Population Prospects: The 2006 Revision. Population Database. http://esa.un.org/unpp/
[USGS] United States Geological Survey. 2008. Office of the Delaware River Master. History of reservoir releases program in the Upper Delaware Basin. (29 August 2008; http://water.usgs.gov/osw/odrm/releases.html)
Water Resources Group. 2009. Charting our water future: Economic frameworks to inform decision –making. (11 July 2011; http://www.2030waterresourcesgroup.com/water_full/Charting_Our_Water_Future_Final.pdf)
Vogel R., Sieber J., Archfield S., Smith M., Apse C. and Huber-Lee A. 2007. Relations among storage, yield and instream flow. Water Resources Research, 43, W05403, doi:10.1029/2006WR005226.
Weiskel, P. K., R. M. Vogel, P. A. Steeves, P. J. Zarriello, L. A. DeSimone, and K. G. Ries III. 2007. Water use regimes: characterizing direct human interaction with hydrologic systems, Water Resources Research, 43, W04402, doi:10.1029/2006WR005062.
Wiens JA, Patten DT, and Botkin DB. 1993. Assessing ecological impact assessment: lessons from Mono Lake, California. Ecological Applications 3:595–609.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
FitzHugh, T., Apse, C., Schuyler, R., Sanderson, J. (2012). Balancing Human and Ecosystem Needs for Water in Urban Water Supply Planning. In: Ingram, J., DeClerck, F., Rumbaitis del Rio, C. (eds) Integrating Ecology and Poverty Reduction. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0633-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0633-5_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-0632-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-0633-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)