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Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health pp 163–188Cite as

Personality Disorders and Work

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Abstract

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) divides ­psychiatric disorders into two categories, Axis I and Axis II disorders (American Psychiatric Association 2000). Axis I disorders are clinical disorders such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. Axis II disorders are personality disorders (PDs), defined as “pervasive, inflexible, and enduring patterns of inner experiences and behavior that can lead to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning” and that reflect “inappropriate, ineffective, or painful ways of behaving and interacting” (American Psychiatric Association 2000).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    These findings were based on a treatment-seeking population, however, and may not generalize.

  2. 2.

    As noted by Jackson and Burgess (2000), prevalence estimates for certain PDs could be conservative, due to social desirability bias; for example, an individual might be reluctant to endorse items used to assess antisocial PD, such as “I will lie or con someone if it serves my purpose.”

  3. 3.

    The prevalence is significantly higher when “personality disorder not otherwise specified” is included.

  4. 4.

    Composite case studies are amalgams of actual cases, with identifying details changed to protect confidentiality. For example, the gender, occupation, geographic location, etc. of individuals described might be different, or case studies of several individuals could have been combined into a single story.

  5. 5.

    Babiak and Hare (2006) cite PricewaterhouseCoopers statistics that in 2005, 45% of companies in their global survey had experienced fraud, with one-quarter committed by senior managers and executives. They also cite Hogan et al. that more executives are fired for personality problems than for incompetence.

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  1. Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 911 Broxton Plaza, Room 106, 951736, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1736, USA

    Susan L. Ettner

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    Izabela Z. Schultz

  2. Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitati, Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Boston University, 940 Commonwealth Ave. West, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA

    E. Sally Rogers

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Ettner, S.L. (2011). Personality Disorders and Work. In: Schultz, I., Rogers, E. (eds) Work Accommodation and Retention in Mental Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0428-7_9

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